The Perl5 'SNMP' Extension Module for the Net-SNMP Library Contents: Introduction: Availability: Contact: Supported Platforms: Release Notes: Installation: Operational Description: Trouble Shooting: Acknowledgments: History: Copyright: Introduction: ******************************NOTE NOTE NOTE************************** This module now relies on many other modules. Ideally, do not try to build it independently, as it won't work as well. Instead of running "perl Makefile.PL" in this directory, run it in the net-snmp/perl directory instead which has a global makefile used to build all the sub-modules in their proper order. ******************************NOTE NOTE NOTE************************** Note: The perl SNMP 5.x module which comes with net-snmp 5.0 and higher is different than previous versions in a number of ways. Most importantly, it behaves like a proper net-snmp application and calls init_snmp properly, which means it will read configuration files and use those defaults where appropriate automatically parse MIB files, etc. This will likely affect your perl applications if you have, for instance, default values set up in your snmp.conf file (as the perl module will now make use of those defaults). The docmuentation, however, has sadly not been updated yet (aside from this note). This is the Perl5 'SNMP' extension module. The SNMP module provides a full featured, tri-lingual SNMP (SNMPv3, SNMPv2c, SNMPv1) API. The SNMP module also provides an interface to the SMI MIB parse-tree for run-time access to parsed MIB data. The SNMP module internals rely on the Net-SNMP toolkit library (previously known as ucd-snmp). For information on the Net-SNMP library see the documentation provided with the Net-SNMP distribution or the project web page available on 'Source Forge': http://www.net-snmp.org/ Availability: The most recent release of the Perl5 SNMP module can be found bundled with the latest Net-SNMP distibution available from: http://www.net-snmp.org/download.html (Note: The perl SNMP distribution obtained this way has the highest chance of being up to date and compatible with the Net-SNMP version with which it is bundled.) A seperately bundled package of the SNMP module can be obtained from CPAN. (Note: In previous releases this module was compatible with the CMU SNMP library. Starting with Perl5/SNMP-1.7 this module will *only* work with the Net-SNMP (aka ucd-snmp) library due to dependence on new features) Contact: The following mailing list should be consider the primary support mechanism for this module: net-snmp-users ATATAT lists.sourceforge.net mail list (see http://www.net-snmp.org/lists/users/ to subscribe) Supported Platforms: Linux 1.2.x, 2.x Solaris 2.x (see the net-snmp README.solaris file!) MS Windows Many other UNIX variants Let us know what it *doesn't* work on, as it should on most systems Release Notes: SNMP module version 5.x is being developed against NET-SNMP-5.0 see http://www.net-snmp.org/ for details. Compatibility with earlier or later versions of Net-SNMP or UCD-SNMP is not guaranteed due to the dynamic nature of open software development :). The perl module will check the version of net-snmp you have installed for a match and warn you if they don't match exactly. KNOWN BUGS: The make test suite likely won't work perfectly. It relies on running an existing Net-SNMP SNMP agent and various configuration which makes it very hard to ensure exact compatibility. If "make test" fails on you we suggest you install the module anyway. (none?) (HA!) ********************************************************************** * the rest of this file is likely out of date ************************ * the rest of this file is likely out of date ************************ * the rest of this file is likely out of date ************************ ********************************************************************** Installation: Build and install the Net-SNMP package - see Net-SNMP README and INSTALL docs. (Note: To ensure that any previous Net-SNMP, ucd-snmp or cmu snmp installation's library or headers are not used by mistake, use the -NET-SNMP-CONFIG directive to explicitly set the path to the net-snmp-config command that knows about the net-snmp installation you want to use.) NOTE: build all the perl modules at once using the Makefile.PL in the net-snmp/perl directory rather than the one in this directory. Unix: cd net-snmp/perl perl Makefile.PL [-NET-SNMP-CONFIG="sh ../../net-snmp-config"] [-NET-SNMP-IN-SOURCE=true] make make test make install FreeBSD: cd net-snmp/perl perl Makefile.PL -NET-SNMP-CONFIG="sh ../../net-snmp-config" -NET-SNMP-IN-SOURCE=true make make test make install Win32 (MSVC++) This section covers installation of the Perl modules for Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 and Microsoft Microsoft Development Environment 2003/2003 (MSVC 7.0/7.1). See the following sections for Cygwin and MinGW. ActiveState Perl is required. Note: With ActiveState Perl (currently at 5.8.2 build 808) and possibly other versions of Perl on Windows, if a Perl script modifies a system environment variable and then calls a C function, the C function will not see the new environment variable. This problem can be seen with the failure of test #3 in the SNMP conf test (perl/SNMP/t/conf.t). The change to the SNMPCONFPATH env variable is not seen by the calls to the C SNMP module. Note: The source code should *not* be in a folder that contains a space. For example, compiling in your 'My Documents' or your Desktop (usually c:\Documents and Settings\xxxx\Desktop) is not supported. Automatic building / testing with nmakeperl.bat: 1. Ensure a static version of Net-SNMP has been compiled and installed. Also ensure the DLL version of snmplib has been compiled and installed. The Perl modules will not function correctly without a shared snmplib library or DLL. 2. Install the regex win32 package (gnu_regex.exe). It is available from http://people.delphiforums.com/gjc/gnu_regex.html a. Copy regex.h to the include folder of MSVC++ Example: "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\ Vc7\include\regex.h" b. Copy gnu_regex.lib to the lib folder of MSVC++ Example: "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\ Vc7\lib\gnu_regex.lib" c. Copy gnu_regex.dll to your %windir%\system32 folder Example: "C:\winnt\system32\gnu_regex.dll" 3. Set the environment PATH to locate "nmake", "cl", and "link". Visual Studio installs a VCVARS32.BAT batch file for this purpose. 4. Using a command prompt window, cd to the source base directory. 5. Invoke win32\nmakeperl.bat to build the Perl SNMP modules. If you see errors, review the "nmake.out" file first. If no errors there, then the modules built correctly, but the tests did not rigourously prove the mettle of the modules. Review "nmaketest.out". If the first three sections mostly pass, the modules are well formed. NOTE: If the tests fail, there may be a perl application left hanging. Use the Task Manager to remove any stale perl or snmp*.exe process. 6. The final step is to invoke "nmake install". If no errors occurred, then the SNMP modules are available for use by your Perl programs. Manual building / testing: 1. Ensure a static version of Net-SNMP has been compiled and installed. Also ensure the DLL version of snmplib has been compiled and installed. The Perl modules will not function correctly without a shared snmplib library or DLL. 2. Install the regex win32 package (gnu_regex.exe). It is available from http://people.delphiforums.com/gjc/gnu_regex.html a. Copy regex.h to the include folder of MSVC++ Example: "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\ Vc7\include\regex.h" b. Copy gnu_regex.lib to the lib folder of MSVC++ Example: "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\ Vc7\lib\gnu_regex.lib" c. Copy gnu_regex.dll to your %windir%\system32 folder Example: "C:\winnt\system32\gnu_regex.dll" 3. Set the environment PATH to locate "nmake", "cl", and "link". Visual Studio installs a VCVARS32.BAT for this purpose. 4. Using a command prompt window, cd to the perl directory. 5. Type: perl Makefile.PL CAPI=TRUE -NET-SNMP-IN-SOURCE=TRUE to compile against the RELEASE version of Net-SNMP, or: perl Makefile.PL CAPI=TRUE -NET-SNMP-IN-SOURCE=TRUE -NET-SNMP-DEBUG=TRUE to compile against the DEBUG version of Net-SNMP. nmake nmake test nmake install Note: The --NET-SNMP-IN-SOURCE=TRUE causes the Makefile to use the library files from the installed Net-SNMP directory. To specify the installed Net-SNMP directory, use: perl Makefile.PL CAPI=TRUE -NET-SNMP-PATH="c:\usr" Note: -NET-SNMP-DEBUG has no effect while compiling against an installed copy of Net-SNMP. Note: To include OpenSSL, see the net-snmp/README.win32 to compile libsnmp with libeay32 and see that libeay.lib is in the lib folder, or in the lib folder of the installed Net-SNMP if using -NET-SNMP-PATH. For example, c:\usr\lib Note: 'nmake test' will automatically start and stop the agent(snmpd) and trap receiver (snmptrapd) while testing the SNMP module. Win32 (Cygwin): cd net-snmp\perl perl Makefile.PL -NET-SNMP-IN-SOURCE=true make make test make install If you get an error saying your system can't compile, you are probably missing the regex library. Install regex from http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cygwin/release/regex/regex-4.4-2-src.tar.bz2 Note: The source code should *not* be in a folder that contains a space. For example, compiling in your 'My Documents' or your Desktop (usually c:\Documents and Settings\xxxx\Desktop) is not supported. Win32 (MinGW): Note: As of February 25th, 2004, the MinGW build of Net-SNMP does not compile the DLL version of libsnmp. Some modules will not function correctly without a shared library / DLL. The OID module does not appear to work at all without the DLL, and some parts of other modules may not work. For example, sharing configurations between modules which is why the SNMP conf test fails. Note: The source code should *not* be in a folder that contains a space. For example, compiling in your 'My Documents' or your Desktop (usually c:\Documents and Settings\xxxx\Desktop) is not supported. These directions are for MinGW 3.1.0 with MSYS 1.0.9 and ActiveState Perl. Compiling the Perl modules using a MinGW built Perl environment has not been tested. Note: With ActiveState Perl (currently at 5.8.2 build 808) and possibly other versions of Perl on Windows, if a Perl script modifies a system environment variable and then calls a C function, the C function will not see the new environment variable. This problem can be seen with the failure of test #3 in the SNMP conf test (perl/SNMP/t/conf.t). The change to the SNMPCONFPATH env variable is not seen by the calls to the C SNMP module. The main Net-SNMP package must be compiled with the regex library. See Net-SNMP README.win32 for compiling with MinGW. The following additional software is required: dmake: http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/GSAR/dmake-4.1pl1-win32.zip ExtUtils-FakeConfig: http://search.cpan.org/~mbarbon/ExtUtils-FakeConfig-0.05/ Note: A PPM package is available from ActiveState for ExtUtils-FakeConfig, but it does not include the make_implib.pl script. Downloading from CPAN is recommended. Installing DMAKE and ExtUtils-FakeConfig: ----------------------------------------- 1. Install DMAKE as described in the README.NOW contained in the DMAKE .ZIP file ensuring the DMAKE program can be found in the system path. 2. Extract ExtUtils-FakeConfig-0.05.zip to a temporary folder. 3. Add the MinGW bin folder to your system path. 4. Open a Windows command prompt (cmd) and cd into ExtUtils-FakeConfig-0.05 and typet he following to build and install the ExtUtils-FakeConfig module: perl Makefile.PL dmake dmake install 5. A Perl import library needs to be created using the ExtUtils-FakeConfig make_implib.pl script. For ActiveState Perl 5.6.x installed to c:\Perl, type the following on one line: perl script/make_implib.pl --output-dir=C:/Perl/lib/CORE --output-lib=libperl56.a --target=mingw c:/Perl/bin/Perl56.dll For ActiveState Perl 5.8.x installed to c:\Perl, type the following on one line: perl script/make_implib.pl --output-dir=C:/Perl/lib/CORE --output-lib=libperl58.a --target=mingw c:/Perl/bin/Perl58.dll Building the Perl module: ------------------------- 1. Complete the section titled 'Installing DMAKE and ExtUtils-FakeConfig' 2. Open an MSYS shell and cd into the net-snmp/Perl folder and type the following on one line: perl -MConfig_m Makefile.PL -NET-SNMP-IN-SOURCE=true DEFINE=-DMINGW_PERL 3. Open a Windows command prompt (cmd) and cd into the net-snmp/perl folder and type: dmake dmake test dmake install Note: 'dmake test' will automatically start and stop the agent(snmpd) and trap receiver (snmptrapd) while testing the SNMP module. 4. Remove the MinGW bin folder to your system path if it was not already in your path for step 3 of 'Installing DMAKE and ExtUtils-FakeConfig'. Operational Description: The basic operations of the SNMP protocol are provided by this module through an object oriented interface for modularity and ease of use. The primary class is SNMP::Session which encapsulates the persistent aspects of a connection between the management application and the managed agent. Internally the class is implemented as a blessed hash reference. This class supplies 'get', 'getnext', 'set', 'fget', and 'fgetnext' and other method calls. The methods take a variety of input argument formats and support both synchronous and asynchronous operation through a polymorphic API (i.e., method behaviour varies dependent on args passed - see below). A description of the fields which can be specified when an SNMP::Session object is created follows: SNMP::Session public: DestHost - default 'localhost', hostname or ip addr of SNMP agent Community - default 'public', SNMP community string (used for both R/W) Version - default '1', [2 (same as 2c), 2c, 3] RemotePort - default '161', allow remote UDP port to be overridden Timeout - default '1000000', micro-seconds before retry Retries - default '5', retries before failure RetryNoSuch - default '0', if enabled NOSUCH errors in 'get' pdus will be repaired, removing the varbind in error, and resent - undef will be returned for all NOSUCH varbinds, when set to '0' this feature is disabled and the entire get request will fail on any NOSUCH error (applies to v1 only) SecName - default 'initial', security name (v3) SecLevel - default 'noAuthNoPriv', security level [noAuthNoPriv, authNoPriv, authPriv] (v3) SecEngineId - default , security engineID, will be probed if not supplied (v3) ContextEngineId - default , context engineID, will be probed if not supplied (v3) Context - default '', context name (v3) AuthProto - default 'MD5', authentication protocol [MD5, SHA] (v3) AuthPass - default , authentication passphrase PrivProto - default 'DES', privacy protocol [DES] (v3) PrivPass - default , privacy passphrase (v3) VarFormats - default 'undef', used by 'fget[next]', holds an hash reference of output value formatters, (e.g., { => , ... }, must match the and format used in the get operation. A special , '*', may be used to apply all s, the supplied sub is called to translate the value to a new format. The sub is called passing the Varbind as the arg TypeFormats - default 'undef', used by 'fget[next]', holds an hash reference of output value formatters, (e.g., { => , ... }, the supplied sub is called to translate the value to a new format, unless a VarFormat mathces first (e.g., $session->{TypeFormats}{INTEGER} = \&mapEnum(); although this can be done more efficiently by enabling $SNMP::use_enums or session creation param 'UseEnums') UseLongNames - defaults to the value of SNMP::use_long_names at time of session creation. set to non-zero to have for 'getnext' methods generated preferring longer Mib name convention (e.g., system.sysDescr vs just sysDescr) UseSprintValue - defaults to the value of SNMP::use_sprint_value at time of session creation. set to non-zero to have return values for 'get' and 'getnext' methods formatted with the libraries sprint_value function. This will result in certain data types being returned in non-canonical format Note: values returned with this option set may not be appropriate for 'set' operations (see discussion of value formats in description section) UseEnums - defaults to the value of SNMP::use_enums at time of session creation. set to non-zero to have integer return values converted to enumeration identifiers if possible, these values will also be acceptable when supplied to 'set' operations UseNumeric - defaults to the value of SNMP::use_numeric at time of session creation. set to non-zero to have returned by the 'get' methods untranslated (i.e. dotted-decimal). Setting the UseLongNames value for the session is highly recommended. BestGuess - defaults to the value of SNMP::best_guess at time of session creation. this setting controls how are parsed. setting to 0 causes a regular lookup. setting to 1 causes a regular expression match (defined as -Ib in snmpcmd) and setting to 2 causes a random access lookup (defined as -IR in snmpcmd). ErrorStr - read-only, holds the error message assoc. w/ last request ErrorNum - read-only, holds the snmp_err or status of last request ErrorInd - read-only, holds the snmp_err_index when appropriate private: DestAddr - internal field used to hold the translated DestHost field SessPtr - internal field used to cache a created session structure methods: new() - Constructs a new SNMP::Session object. The fields are passed to the constructor as a hash list (e.g., $session = new SNMP::Session(DestHost => 'foo', Community => 'private');), returns an object reference or undef in case of error. update()- Updates the SNMP::Session object with the values fields passed in as a hash list (similar to new()) (WARNING! not fully implemented) get([,]) - do SNMP GET, multiple formats accepted. for synchronous operation will be updated with value(s) and type(s) and will also return retrieved value(s). If supplied method will operate asynchronously fget([,]) - do SNMP GET like 'get' and format the values according the handlers specified in $sess->{VarFormats} and $sess->{TypeFormats}. Async *not supported* getnext([,]) - do SNMP GETNEXT, multiple formats accepted, returns retrieved value(s), passed as arguments are updated to indicate next lexicographical ,,, and Note: simple string ,(e.g., 'sysDescr.0') form is not updated. If supplied method will operate asynchronously fgetnext([,]) - do SNMP GETNEXT like getnext and format the values according the handlers specified in $sess->{VarFormats} and $sess->{TypeFormats}. Async *not supported* set([,]) - do SNMP SET, multiple formats accepted. the value field in all formats must be in a canonical format (i.e., well known format) to ensure unambiguous translation to SNMP MIB data value (see discussion of canonical value format description section), returns true on success or undef on error. If supplied method will operate asynchronously getbulk(, , [, ]) - do an SNMP GETBULK, from the list of Varbinds, the single next lexico instance is fetched for the first n Varbinds as defined by . For remaining Varbinds, the m lexico instances are retrieved each of the remaining Varbinds, where m is . bulkwalk(, , [, ]) - do an "SNMP bulkwalk" on the given variables. Bulkwalk is implemented by sending an SNMP GETBULK request to fetch the variables. Objects are copied to the return list until the sub-tree is exited. If the request is not completed at the end of a packet, a new request is created, starting where the previous packet left off. This implementation is able to handle multiple repeated vars, as well as non-repeaters. Returns a list (or, in scalar context, a reference to a list) of arrays of VarBinds. The VarBinds consist of the responses for each requested variable. bulkwalk() leaves the original Varbinds list intact to facilitate querying of multiple devices. SNMP::TrapSession - supports all applicable fields from SNMP::Session (see above) methods: new() - Constructs a new SNMP::TrapSession object. The fields are passed to the constructor as a hash list (e.g., $trapsess = new SNMP::Session(DestHost => 'foo', Community => 'private');), returns an object reference or undef in case of error. trap(enterprise, agent, generic, specific, uptime, ) $sess->trap(enterprise=>'.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021', # or 'ucdavis' [default] agent => '127.0.0.1', # or 'localhost',[dflt 1st intf on host] generic => specific, # can be omitted if 'specific' supplied specific => 5, # can be omitted if 'generic' supplied uptime => 1234, # dflt to localhost uptime (0 on win32) [[ifIndex, 1, 1],[sysLocation, 0, "here"]]); # optional vars # always last or v2 format trap(oid, uptime, ) $sess->trap(oid => 'snmpRisingAlarm', uptime => 1234, [[ifIndex, 1, 1],[sysLocation, 0, "here"]]); # optional vars # always last Acceptable variable formats: may be one of the following forms: SNMP::VarList: - represents an array of MIB objects to get or set, implemented as a blessed reference to an array of SNMP::Varbinds, (e.g., [, , ...]) SNMP::Varbind: - represents a single MIB object to get or set, implemented as a blessed reference to a 4 element array; [, , , ]. - one of the following forms: 1) leaf identifier (e.g., 'sysDescr') assumed to be unique for practical purposes 2) fully qualified identifier (e.g., '.iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysDescr') 3) fully qualified, dotted-decimal, numeric OID (e.g., '.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1') - the dotted-decimal, instance identifier. for scalar MIB objects use '0' - the SNMP data value retrieved from or being set to the agents MIB. for (f)get(next) operations may have a variety of formats as determined by session and package settings. However for set operations the format must be canonical to ensure unambiguous translation. The canonical forms are as follows: OBJECTID => dotted-decimal (e.g., .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1) OCTETSTR => perl scalar containing octets, INTEGER => decimal signed integer (or enum), NETADDR => dotted-decimal, IPADDR => dotted-decimal, COUNTER => decimal unsigned integer, COUNTER64 => decimal unsigned integer, GAUGE, => decimal unsigned integer, UINTEGER, => decimal unsigned integer, TICKS, => decimal unsigned integer, OPAQUE => perl scalar containing octets, NULL, => perl scalar containing nothing, - SNMP data type (see list above), this field is populated by 'get' and 'getnext' operations. In some cases the programmer needs to populate this field when passing to a 'set' operation. this field need not be supplied when the attribute indicated by is already described by loaded Mib modules. for 'set's, if a numeric OID is used and the object is not currently in the loaded Mib, the field must be supplied simple string - light weight form of used to 'set' or 'get' a single attribute without constructing an SNMP::Varbind. stored in a perl scalar, has the form '.', (e.g., 'sysDescr.0'). for 'set' operations the value is passed as a second arg. Note: This argument form is not updated in get[next] operations as are the other forms. Acceptable callback formats: may be one of the following forms: without arguments: \&subname sub { ... } or with arguments: [ \&subname, $arg1, ... ] [ sub { ... }, $arg1, ... ] [ "method", $obj, $arg1, ... ] callback will be called when response is received or timeout occurs. the last argument passed to callback will be a SNMP::VarList reference. In case of timeout the last argument will be undef. SNMP package variables and functions: $SNMP::VERSION - the current version specifier (e.g., 3.1.0) $SNMP::auto_init_mib - default '1', set to 0 to disable automatic reading of the MIB upon session creation. set to non-zero to call initMib at session creation which will result in MIB loading according to Net-SNMP env. variables (see man mib_api) $SNMP::verbose - default '0', controls warning/info output of SNMP module, 0 => no output, 1 => enables warning/info output from SNMP module itself (is also controlled by SNMP::debugging - see below) $SNMP::use_long_names - default '0', set to non-zero to enable the use of longer Mib identifiers. see translateObj. will also influence the formatting of in varbinds returned from 'getnext' operations. Can be set on a per session basis (UseLongNames) $SNMP::use_sprint_value - default '0', set to non-zero to enable formatting of response values using the snmp libraries sprint_value function. can also be set on a per session basis (see UseSprintValue) Note: returned values may not be suitable for 'set' operations $SNMP::use_enums - default '0',set non-zero to return values as enums and allow sets using enums where appropriate. integer data will still be accepted for set operations. can also be set on a per session basis (see UseEnums) $SNMP::use_numeric - default '0', set to non-zero to return tags as numeric OID's, instead of translating them. Also setting $SNMP::use_long_names to non-zero is highly recommended. $SNMP::best_guess - default '0'. this setting controls how are parsed. setting to 0 causes a regular lookup. setting to 1 causes a regular expression match (defined as -Ib in snmpcmd) and setting to 2 causes a random access lookup (defined as -IR in snmpcmd). can also be set on a per session basis (see BestGuess) $SNMP::save_descriptions - default '0',set non-zero to have mib parser save attribute descriptions. must be set prior to mib initialization $SNMP::debugging - default '0', controls debugging output level within SNMP module and libsnmp 1 => enables 'SNMP::verbose' (see above) 2 => level 1 plus snmp_set_do_debugging(1), 3 => level 2 plus snmp_set_dump_packet(1) $SNMP::dump_packet - default '0', set [non-]zero to independently set snmp_set_dump_packet() %SNMP::MIB - a tied hash to access parsed MIB information. After the MIB has been loaded this hash allows access to to the parsed in MIB meta-data(the structure of the MIB (i.e., schema)). The hash returns blessed references to SNMP::MIB::NODE objects which represent a single MIB attribute. The nodes can be fetched with multiple 'key' formats - the leaf name (e.g.,sysDescr) or fully/partially qualified name (e.g., system.sysDescr) or fully qualified numeric OID. The returned node object supports the following fields: objectID - dotted decimal fully qualified OID label - leaf textual identifier (e.g., 'sysDescr') subID - leaf numeric OID component of objectID (e.g., '1') moduleID - textual identifier for module (e.g., 'RFC1213-MIB') parent - parent node children - array reference of children nodes nextNode - next lexico node (BUG!does not return in lexico order) type - returns application type (see getType for values) access - returns ACCESS (ReadOnly, ReadWrite, WriteOnly, NoAccess, Notify, Create) status - returns STATUS (Mandatory, Optional, Obsolete, Deprecated, Current) syntax - returns 'textualConvention' if defined else 'type' textualConvention - returns TEXTUAL-CONVENTION units - returns UNITS hint - returns HINT enums - returns hash ref {tag => num, ...} ranges - returns array ref of hash ref [{low=>num, high=>num}] defaultValue - returns default value description - returns DESCRIPTION ($SNMP::save_descriptions must be set prior to MIB initialization/parsing) &SNMP::setMib() - allows dynamic parsing of the mib and explicit specification of mib file independent of environment variables. called with no args acts like initMib, loading MIBs indicated by environment variables (see Net-SNMP mib_api docs). passing non-zero second arg forces previous mib to be freed and replaced (Note: second arg not working since freeing previous Mib is more involved than before). &SNMP::initMib() - calls library netsnmp_init_mib function if MIB not already loaded - does nothing if MIB already loaded. Will parse directories and load modules according to environment variables described in Net-SNMP documentations. (see man mib_api, MIBDIRS, MIBS, MIBFILE(S), etc.) &SNMP::addMibDirs(,...) - calls library add_mibdir for each directory supplied. will cause directory(s) to be added to internal list and made available for searching in subsequent loadModules calls &SNMP::addMibFiles(,...) - calls library read_mib function. The file(s) supplied will be read and all Mib module definitions contained therein will be added to internal mib tree structure &SNMP::loadModules(,...) - calls library read_module function. The module(s) supplied will be searched for in the current mibdirs and and added to internal mib tree structure. Passing special , 'ALL', will cause all known modules to be loaded. &SNMP::unloadModules(,...) - *Not Implemented* &SNMP::translateObj([,arg,[arg]]) - will convert a text obj tag to an OID and vice-versa. Any iid suffix is retained numerically. Default behaviour when converting a numeric OID to text form is to return leaf identifier only (e.g.,'sysDescr') but when $SNMP::use_long_names is non-zero or a non-zero second arg is supplied it will return a longer textual identifier. An optional third argument of non-zero will cause the module name to be prepended to the text name (e.g. 'SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr'). When converting a text obj, the $SNMP::best_guess option is used. If no Mib is loaded when called and $SNMP::auto_init_mib is enabled then the Mib will be loaded. Will return 'undef' upon failure. &SNMP::getType() - return SNMP data type for given textual identifier OBJECTID, OCTETSTR, INTEGER, NETADDR, IPADDR, COUNTER GAUGE, TIMETICKS, OPAQUE, or undef &SNMP::mapEnum() - converts integer value to enumeration tag defined in Mib or converts tag to integer depending on input. the function will return the corresponding integer value *or* tag for a given MIB attribute and value. The function will sense which direction to perform the conversion. Various arg formats are supported $val = SNMP::mapEnum($varbind); # where $varbind is SNMP::Varbind or equiv # note: $varbind will be updated $val = SNMP::mapEnum('ipForwarding', 'forwarding'); $val = SNMP::mapEnum('ipForwarding', 1); &SNMP::MainLoop([, []]) - to be used with async SNMP::Session calls. MainLoop must be called after initial async calls so return packets from the agent will not be processed. If no args supplied this function enters an infinite loop so program must be exited in a callback or externally interrupted. If