INSTALL(8) NetBSD System Manager's Manual INSTALL(8) NNAAMMEE IINNSSTTAALLLL -- Installation procedure for NetBSD/i386. CCOONNTTEENNTTSS About this Document............................................2 Quick install notes for the impatient..........................3 What is NetBSD?................................................4 Changes Between The NetBSD 8.2 and 8.3 Releases................4 Features to be removed in a later release......................4 The NetBSD Foundation..........................................5 Sources of NetBSD..............................................5 NetBSD 8.3 Release Contents....................................5 NetBSD/i386 subdirectory structure..........................6 Binary distribution sets....................................7 NetBSD/i386 System Requirements and Supported Devices..........8 Supported devices...........................................9 Floppy controllers.......................................9 MFM, ESDI, IDE, and RLL hard disk controllers............9 SCSI host adapters.......................................9 MDA, CGA, VGA, SVGA, and HGC Display Adapters...........10 Serial ports............................................10 Parallel ports..........................................11 Ethernet adapters.......................................11 FDDI adapters...........................................12 Token-Ring adapters.....................................12 Wireless network adapters...............................13 High Speed Serial.......................................13 Tape drives.............................................13 CD-ROM drives...........................................13 Mice....................................................13 Sound Cards.............................................13 Game Ports (Joysticks)..................................14 Miscellaneous...........................................14 PCMCIA Controllers......................................14 RAID Controllers........................................14 Specific driver footnotes:..............................15 Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media..................15 Preparing your System for NetBSD installation.................18 Semi-manually installing on UEFI systems......................18 Semi-manually installing on UEFI systems......................19 Installing the NetBSD System..................................19 Running the sysinst installation program...................20 Introduction............................................20 Possible hardware problems..............................20 General.................................................20 Quick install...........................................20 Booting NetBSD..........................................21 Network configuration...................................21 Installation drive selection and parameters.............22 Selecting which sets to install.........................22 Partitioning the disk...................................22 Preparing your hard disk................................23 Getting the distribution sets...........................23 Installation from CD-ROM................................24 Installation using FTP..................................24 Installation using NFS..................................24 Installation from a floppy set..........................24 Installation from an unmounted file system..............25 Installation from a local directory.....................25 Extracting the distribution sets........................25 Configure additional items..............................25 Finalizing your installation............................25 Post installation steps.......................................25 Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System................28 Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases............29 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 5.x releases.......29 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 6.x releases.......29 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 7.x releases.......29 Using online NetBSD documentation.............................30 Administrivia.................................................30 Thanks go to..................................................31 We are........................................................31 Legal Mumbo-Jumbo.............................................38 The End.......................................................45 DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN AAbboouutt tthhiiss DDooccuummeenntt This document describes the installation procedure for NetBSD 8.3 on the _i_3_8_6 platform. It is available in four different formats titled _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._e_x_t, where _._e_x_t is one of _._p_s, _._h_t_m_l, _._m_o_r_e, or _._t_x_t: _._p_s PostScript. _._h_t_m_l Standard Internet HTML. _._m_o_r_e The enhanced text format used on UNIX-like systems by the more(1) and less(1) pager util- ity programs. This is the format in which the on-line _m_a_n pages are generally presented. _._t_x_t Plain old ASCII. You are reading the _m_o_r_e version. QQuuiicckk iinnssttaallll nnootteess ffoorr tthhee iimmppaattiieenntt This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to install NetBSD 8.3 on a machine of the i386 archi- tecture. ++oo Fetch files needed to install NetBSD. Option 1: bootable CD-ROM images or USB images contain- ing the full distribution. These can be found on an FTP site near you, usually located in the _/_p_u_b_/_N_e_t_B_S_D_/_i_m_a_g_e_s_/ directory. Check the list of NetBSD mirrors at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//mmiirrrroorrss for details. Option 2: bootable CD-ROM images from _i_3_8_6_/_i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n_/_c_d_r_o_m_/. These images are bootable, but do not contain binary sets. They are intended for network installs or system repair. _b_o_o_t_._i_s_o is for VGA console installation, and _b_o_o_t_-_c_o_m_._i_s_o is for installation over serial console (com0, 9600 baud). Option 3: boot floppy images from _i_3_8_6_/_i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n_/_f_l_o_p_p_y_/. _b_o_o_t_1_._f_s and _b_o_o_t_2_._f_s are floppy images for VGA console installation. _b_o_o_t_-_c_o_m_1_._f_s and _b_o_o_t_-_c_o_m_2_._f_s are for installation via serial console (com0, 9600 baud). ++oo The default kernel on CD-ROMs has ACPI enabled. This is known to cause issues on a few machines which have buggy ACPI implementations. To boot with ACPI disabled, choose the "no ACPI" option from the boot menu, or interrupt the menu and enter the NetBSD boot prompt. Type bboooott --22 to boot with ACPI dis- abled. ++oo The actual binary distribution is in the _i_3_8_6_/_b_i_n_a_r_y_/_s_e_t_s_/ directory. When you boot the install image, CD-ROM or floppies, the installation program can fetch these files for you (using, e.g., ftp) if you have a network connection. There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto your machine. You will at a minimum need one of the kernel sets, typi- cally _k_e_r_n_-_G_E_N_E_R_I_C_._t_g_z, as well as _b_a_s_e_._t_g_z and _e_t_c_._t_g_z. In a typical workstation installation you will probably want all the installation sets. ++oo Write the boot images Many commercial and freeware programs are available to burn CD-ROMs. If installing via USB, you must first uncompress the USB image, which is gzipped. $ gguunnzziipp NNeettBBSSDD--88..33--ii338866--iinnssttaallll..iimmgg..ggzz Next, write the USB image to a USB stick/drive. Note that this will overwrite any existing data on the device that you specify, so double check the device before run- ning! On UNIX-like operating systems, use a command similar to the following, replacing _/_d_e_v_/_r_s_d_0_d with the appropriate device for your system: # dddd iiff==NNeettBBSSDD--88..33--ii338866--iinnssttaallll..iimmgg ooff==//ddeevv//rrssdd00dd bbss==3322kk On Windows, you will need to use a program such as Win32 Disk Imager, which can be found at hhttttpp::////ssoouurrcceeffoorrggee..nneett//pprroojjeeccttss//wwiinn3322ddiisskkiimmaaggeerr// or Rawrite32 which can be found at hhttttppss::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//~~mmaarrttiinn//rraawwrriittee3322 If you have problems writing a raw image to a floppy, the rraawwrriittee..eexxee MS-DOS program in the _i_3_8_6_/_i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n_/_m_i_s_c_/ directory may be of help. The media you just prepared will be used to boot the installation kernel, which contains all the tools required to install NetBSD. ++oo For third-party programs which are not part of the base NetBSD distribution, you will want to explore the ppkkggssrrcc package management system, which contains thousands of third party software applications. WWhhaatt iiss NNeettBBSSDD?? The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional Open Source UNIX-like operating system derived from the Univer- sity of California, Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. NetBSD runs on many different different system architectures (ports) across a variety of distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. The NetBSD 8.3 release contains complete binary releases for most of these system architectures, with pre- liminary support for the others included in source form. Please see the NetBSD website at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg// for information on them.) NetBSD is a completely integrated system. In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, NetBSD fea- tures a complete set of user utilities, compilers for sev- eral languages, the X Window System, firewall software and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code. NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet commu- nity. Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, NetBSD would not exist. CChhaannggeess BBeettwweeeenn TThhee NNeettBBSSDD 88..22 aanndd 88..33 RReelleeaasseess The NetBSD 8.3 release is the third security/critical update of the NetBSD 8 release branch. It represents a selected subset of fixes deemed important for security or stability reasons. The complete list of changes can be found in the CHANGES-8.3: hhttttppss::////ccddnn..nneettbbssdd..oorrgg//ppuubb//NNeettBBSSDD//NNeettBBSSDD--88..33//CCHHAANNGGEESS--88..33 file in the top level directory of the NetBSD 8.3 release tree. The release anouncements, status, updates and links to other resources can be found at hhttttppss::////wwwwww..nneettbbssdd..oorrgg//rreelleeaasseess//ffoorrmmaall--88// FFeeaattuurreess ttoo bbee rreemmoovveedd iinn aa llaatteerr rreelleeaassee The following features are to be removed from NetBSD in the future: ++oo dhclient(8) in favor of dhcpcd(8). ++oo groff(1). Man pages are now handled with mandoc(1), and groff(1) can still be found in pkgsrc as _t_e_x_t_p_r_o_c_/_g_r_o_f_f. ++oo rtsol(8) and rtsold(8). TThhee NNeettBBSSDD FFoouunnddaattiioonn The NetBSD Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation that devotes itself to the traditional goals and Spirit of the NetBSD Project and owns the trade- mark of the word ``NetBSD''. It supports the design, devel- opment, and adoption of NetBSD worldwide. More information on the NetBSD Foundation, its composition, aims, and work can be found at: hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ffoouunnddaattiioonn// SSoouurrcceess ooff NNeettBBSSDD Refer to hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//mmiirrrroorrss// NNeettBBSSDD 88..33 RReelleeaassee CCoonntteennttss The root directory of the NetBSD 8.3 release is organized as follows: _._._._/_N_e_t_B_S_D_-_8_._3_/ CHANGES Changes between the 7.0 and 8.0 releases. CHANGES-8.0 Changes between the initial 8.0 branch and final release of 8.0. CHANGES-8.1 Changes between the 8.0 release and the 8.1 release. CHANGES-8.2 Changes between the 8.1 release and the 8.2 release. CHANGES-8.3 Changes between the 8.2 release and the 8.3 release. CHANGES.prev Changes in previous NetBSD releases. LAST_MINUTE Last minute changes and notes about the release. README.files README describing the distribution's contents. _i_m_a_g_e_s_/ Images (ISO 9660 or USB) for installing NetBSD. Depending on your system, these may be bootable. _s_o_u_r_c_e_/ Source distribution sets; see below. In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one directory per architecture, for each of the architec- tures for which NetBSD 8.3 has a binary distribution. The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the _s_o_u_r_c_e subdirectory of the distribution tree. They contain the complete sources to the system. The source dis- tribution sets are as follows: ggnnuussrrcc This set contains the ``gnu'' sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. sshhaarreessrrcc This set contains the ``share'' sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associ- ated with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document set; the dictionaries; and more. ssrrcc This set contains all of the base NetBSD 8.3 sources which are not in ggnnuussrrcc, sshhaarreessrrcc, or ssyyssssrrcc. ssyyssssrrcc This set contains the sources to the NetBSD 8.3 kernel for all architectures as well as the config(1) utility. xxssrrcc This set contains the sources to the X Window Sys- tem. All the above source sets are located in the _s_o_u_r_c_e_/_s_e_t_s subdirectory of the distribution tree. The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. Except for the ppkkggssrrcc set, which is traditionally unpacked into _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_s_r_c, all sets may be unpacked into _/_u_s_r_/_s_r_c with the command: # ccdd // ;; ttaarr --zzxxppff sseett__nnaammee..ttggzz In each of the source distribution set directories, there are files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory: MD5 MD5 digests in the format produced by the com- mand: cckkssuumm --aa MMDD55 _f_i_l_e. SHA512 SHA512 digests in the format produced by the command: cckkssuumm --aa SSHHAA551122 _f_i_l_e. The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a wider range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release files. _N_e_t_B_S_D_/_i_3_8_6 _s_u_b_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e The i386-specific portion of the NetBSD 8.3 release is found in the _i_3_8_6 subdirectory of the distribution: _._._._/_N_e_t_B_S_D_-_8_._3_/_i_3_8_6_/. It contains the following files and directories: _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._h_t_m_l _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._p_s _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._t_x_t _I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._m_o_r_e Installation notes in various file formats, including this file. The _._m_o_r_e file contains underlined text using the more(1) conventions for indicating italic and bold display. _b_i_n_a_r_y_/ _k_e_r_n_e_l_/ _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_G_E_N_E_R_I_C_._g_z A gzipped NetBSD kernel containing code for every- thing supported in this release. _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_M_O_N_O_L_I_T_H_I_C_._g_z The monolithic kernel which doesn't use kernel modules. _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_I_N_S_T_A_L_L_._g_z The installation kernel. _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_L_E_G_A_C_Y_._g_z The kernel containing sup- port for ISA (VGA and PC Display) display devices. _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_I_N_S_T_A_L_L___X_E_N_3_P_A_E___D_O_M_U_._g_z _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_I_N_S_T_A_L_L___X_E_N_3___D_O_M_U_._g_z _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_X_E_N_3_P_A_E___D_O_M_U_._g_z _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_X_E_N_3___D_O_M_0_._g_z _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_X_E_N_3___D_O_M_U_._g_z _s_e_t_s_/ i386 binary distribution sets; see below. _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n_/ _c_d_r_o_m_/ i386 bootable cdrom images; see below. _f_l_o_p_p_y_/ i386 boot and installation flop- pies; see below. _m_i_n_i_r_o_o_t_/ i386 kernel modules providing mem- ory disk root file systems for expert usage. _m_i_s_c_/ Miscellaneous i386 installation utilities; see installation section below. _B_i_n_a_r_y _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n _s_e_t_s The NetBSD i386 binary distribution sets contain the bina- ries which comprise the NetBSD 8.3 release for i386. The binary distribution sets can be found in the _i_3_8_6_/_b_i_n_a_r_y_/_s_e_t_s subdirectory of the NetBSD 8.3 distribution tree, and are as follows: bbaassee The NetBSD 8.3 i386 bbaassee binary distribution. You _m_u_s_t install this distribution set. It contains the base NetBSD utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be minimally functional. ccoommpp Things needed for compiling programs. This set includes the system include files (_/_u_s_r_/_i_n_c_l_u_d_e) and the various system libraries (except the shared libraries, which are included as part of the bbaassee set). This set also includes the manual pages for all of the utilities it contains, as well as the system call and library manual pages. ddeebbuugg This distribution set contains debug information for all base system utilities. It is usefull when reporting issues with binaries or during develope- ment. This set is huge, if the target disk is small, do not install it. eettcc This distribution set contains the system configu- ration files that reside in _/_e_t_c and in several other places. This set _m_u_s_t be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should _n_o_t be used if you are upgrading. ggaammeess This set includes the games and their manual pages. kkeerrnn--GGEENNEERRIICC This set contains a NetBSD/i386 8.3 GENERIC kernel, named _/_n_e_t_b_s_d. You _m_u_s_t install this distribution set. mmaann This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and other software contained in the bbaassee set. Note that it does not include any of the man- ual pages that are included in the other sets. mmiisscc This set includes the system dictionaries, the typesettable document set, and other files from _/_u_s_r_/_s_h_a_r_e. mmoodduulleess This set includes kernel modules to add functional- ity to a running system. tteexxtt This set includes NetBSD's text processing tools, including groff(1), all related programs, and their manual pages. NetBSD maintains its own set of sources for the X Window System in order to assure tight integration and compatibil- ity. These sources are based on X.Org. Binary sets for the X Window System are distributed with NetBSD. The sets are: xxbbaassee The basic files needed for a complete X client environment. This does not include the X servers. xxccoommpp The extra libraries and include files needed to compile X source code. xxddeebbuugg This distribution set contains debug information for all X11 binaries. It is usefull when reporting issues with these binaries or during developement. This set is huge, if the target disk is small, do not install it. xxffoonntt Fonts needed by the X server and by X clients. xxeettcc Configuration files for X which could be locally modified. xxsseerrvveerr The X server. This includes the modular Xorg server. The i386 binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files named with the extension ..ttggzz, e.g. _b_a_s_e_._t_g_z. The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally well for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that method, the filenames stored in the sets are relative and therefore the files are extracted _b_e_l_o_w _t_h_e _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y. Therefore, if you want to extract the binaries into your system, i.e. replace the system binaries with them, you have to run the ttaarr --xxzzppff command from the root directory ( _/ ) of your system. _N_o_t_e_: Each directory in the i386 binary distribution also has its own checksum files, just as the source dis- tribution does. NNeettBBSSDD//ii338866 SSyysstteemm RReeqquuiirreemmeennttss aanndd SSuuppppoorrtteedd DDeevviicceess NetBSD 8.3 runs on all i486 or later PC-compatible systems with 1 to 32 processors. The minimal configuration for a full, standard installation is 32MB of RAM and 250MB of disk space. NetBSD requires a numeric co-processor. The target system must have one of the following processors: ++oo an i486DX or compatible ++oo an i486SX with an i487 numeric co-processor installed ++oo a Pentium compatible or later processor On systems with under 32MB of memory, a custom installation of NetBSD can be performed manually. That procedure is not documented here. _S_u_p_p_o_r_t_e_d _d_e_v_i_c_e_s Explanation of bracketed footnote tags [] follows this list- ing. ++oo Floppy controllers. ++oo MFM, ESDI, IDE, and RLL hard disk controllers There is complete support (including IDE DMA or Ultra-DMA) for the following PCI controllers -- Acard ATA-850 and 860 based IDE Controllers -- Acer labs M5229 IDE Controller -- Advanced Micro Devices AMD-756, 766, and 768 IDE Controllers -- CMD Tech PCI0643, 0646, 0648, and 0649 IDE Controllers -- Contaq Microsystems/Cypress CY82C693 IDE Con- troller -- HighPoint HPT366, HPT370, HPT372, and HPT374. -- IBM ESDI Fixed Disk Controllers [m] -- Intel PIIX, PIIX3, and PIIX4 IDE Controllers -- Intel 82801 (ICH/ICH0/ICH2/ICH4/ICH5/ICH6/ICH7/ICH8/ICH9) IDE/SATA Controllers -- Promise PDC20246 (Ultra/33), PDC20262 (Ultra/66), PDC20265/PDC20267 (Ultra/100), PDC20268 (Ultra/100TX2 and Ultra/100TX2v2), Ultra/133, Ultra/133TX2, and Ultra/133TX2v2. -- Promise SATA150 serial-ATA controllers: PDC20318, PDC20319, PDC20371, PDC20375, PDC20376, PDC20377, PDC20378 and PDC20379. -- Silicon Integrated System 5597/5598 IDE con- troller -- VIA Technologies VT82C586, VT82C586A, VT82C596A, VT82C686A, and VT8233A IDE Con- trollers -- Silicon Image SATALink controllers -- Silicon Image SteelVine SATA controllers [*] [+] Most of these controllers are only available in multifunction PCI chips. Other PCI IDE con- trollers are supported, but performance may not be optimal. ISA, ISA Plug and Play and PCMCIA IDE controllers are supported as well. ++oo SCSI host adapters -- Adaptec AHA-154xA, -B, -C, and -CF -- Adaptec AHA-1640 cards (MCA variant of AHA-1540) [m] -- Adaptec AHA-174x -- Adaptec AIC-6260 and AIC-6360 based boards, including the Adaptec AHA-152x, Adaptec APA-1460 (PCMCIA) and APA-1480 (CardBus), and the SoundBlaster SCSI host adapter. _N_o_t_e_: You cannot boot from these boards if they do not have a boot ROM; conse- quently only the AHA-152x and mother- boards using this chip are likely to be bootable. -- Adaptec AHA-2910, 2915, 2920, and 2930C adapters. -- Adaptec AHA-2x4x[U][2][W] cards and onboard PCI designs using the AIC-7770, AIC-7850, AIC-7860, AIC-7870, AIC-7880 and AIC-789x chipsets. -- Adaptec AHA-394x[U][W] cards [b] -- Adaptec AHA-3950U2 cards -- Adaptec AHA-3960, 19160, and 29160 Ultra-160 adapters -- AdvanSys ABP-9x0[U][A] cards -- AdvanSys ABP-940UW[68], ABP-970UW[68], and ASB3940UW-00 cards -- AMD PCscsi-PCI (Am53c974) based SCSI adapters, including Tekram DC-390 -- BusLogic 54x (Adaptec AHA-154x clones) -- BusLogic 445, 74x, 9xx (but not the new `FlashPoint' series of BusLogic SCSI adapters) -- Qlogic ISP [12]0x0 SCSI/FibreChannel boards -- Seagate/Future Domain ISA SCSI adapter cards ++oo ST01/02 ++oo Future Domain TMC-885 ++oo Future Domain TMC-950 -- Symbios Logic (NCR) 53C8xx-based PCI SCSI host adapters ++oo Acculogic PCIpport ++oo ASUS SC-200 (requires NCR BIOS on mother- board to boot from disks) ++oo ASUS SC-875 ++oo ASUS SP3[G] motherboard onboard SCSI ++oo DEC Celebris XL/590 onboard SCSI ++oo Diamond FirePort 40 ++oo Lomas Data SCSI adapters ++oo NCR/SYM 8125 (and its many clones; be careful, some of these cards have a jumper to set the PCI interrupt; leave it on INT A!) ++oo Promise DC540 (a particularly common OEM model of the SYM 8125) ++oo Tekram DC-390U/F ++oo Tyan Yorktown -- Symbios Logic (NCR) 5380/53C400-based ISA SCSI host adapters [*] -- Ultrastor 14f, 34f, and (possibly) 24f -- Western Digital WD7000 SCSI and TMC-7000 host adapters (ISA cards only) ++oo MDA, CGA, VGA, SVGA, and HGC Display Adapters _N_o_t_e_: Not all of the display adapters NetBSD/i386 can work with are supported by X. See the NetBSD Guide chapter on X for more informa- tion: hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ddooccss//gguuiiddee//eenn//cchhaapp--xx..hhttmmll ++oo Serial ports -- 8250/16450-based ports -- 16550/16650/16750-based ports -- AST-style 4-port serial cards [*] -- BOCA 8-port serial cards [*] -- BOCA 6-port (ioat) serial cards [*] -- IBM PC-RT 4-port serial cards [*] -- TCOM TC-400 (4-port), TC-800 (8-port) serial cards [*] -- Single-port Hayes ESP serial cards [*] -- Cyclades Cyclom-Y serial cards [*] [+] -- Addonics FlexPort 8S 8-port serial cards [*] -- Byte Runner Technologies TC-400 and TC-800 serial cards [*] -- PCI universal communication cards ++oo Parallel ports. [*] [+] ++oo Ethernet adapters -- Agere/LSI ET1310/ET1301 10/100/Gigabit Ether- net device -- AMD LANCE and PCnet-based ISA Ethernet adapters [*] ++oo Novell NE1500T ++oo Novell NE2100 ++oo Kingston 21xx ++oo Digital EtherWORKS II ISA adapters (DE200/DE201/DE202) -- AMD LANCE and PCnet-based MCA Ethernet adapters [m] ++oo SKNET Personal ++oo SKNET MC+ -- AMD PCnet-based PCI Ethernet adapters ++oo Addtron AE-350 ++oo BOCALANcard/PCI ++oo SVEC FD0455 ++oo X/Lan Add-On Adapter ++oo IBM #13H9237 PCI Ethernet Adapter -- AT&T StarLAN 10, EN100, and StarLAN Fiber -- Attansic/Atheros L2 Fast-Ethernet card -- 3COM 3c501 -- 3COM 3c503 -- 3COM 3c505 [*] -- 3COM 3c507 -- 3COM 3c509, 3c579, 3c589, and 3c59X -- 3COM 3c523 EtherLink/MC [m] -- 3COM 3c529 EtherLink III [m] -- 3COM 3c90X (including 3c905B), 3c450, 3c55X, 3c575, 3c980, 3cSOHO100 -- Digital DC21x4x-based PCI Ethernet adapters ++oo Accton EN2242 ++oo ASUS PCI-DEC100TX+ ++oo Cogent EM1X0, EM960 (a.k.a. Adaptec ANA-69XX) ++oo Cogent EM964 [b] ++oo Cogent EM4XX [b] ++oo Compex Readylink PCI ++oo DANPEX EN-9400P3 ++oo Digital Celebris GL, GLST on-board ether- net ++oo DEC (Digital) PCI Ethernet/Fast Ethernet adapters (all) ++oo DLINK DFE500-TX ++oo JCIS Condor JC1260 ++oo JMicron Technologies JMC250/JMC260 con- trollers [*] [+] ++oo Linksys PCI Fast Ethernet ++oo SMC EtherPower 10, 10/100 (PCI only!) ++oo SMC EtherPower^2 [b] ++oo Sundance ST-201 based ethernet adapters (including DLINK DFE550-TX and DFE580-TX) ++oo SVEC PN0455 ++oo SVEC FD1000-TP ++oo Znyx ZX34X -- Digital EtherWORKS III ISA adapters (DE203/DE204/DE205) [*] -- Digital DEPCM-BA (PCMCIA) and DE305 (ISA) NE2000-compatible cards -- BICC Isolan [* and not recently tested] -- Efficient Networks EN-155 and Adaptec AIC-590x ATM interfaces -- Essential Communications Hippi (800 Mbit/s) -- Fujitsu MB86960A/MB86965A based cards ++oo Fujitsu FMV-180 series ++oo Allied-Telesis AT1700 series ++oo Allied-Telesis AT1700 series MCA [m] ++oo Allied-Telesis RE2000 series -- Intel EtherExpress 16 -- Intel EtherExpress PRO/10 -- Intel EtherExpress 100 Fast Ethernet adapters -- Intel Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Ethernet adapters -- Novell NE1000, NE2000 (ISA, PCI, PCMCIA, ISA PnP) -- Realtek 8129/8139 based boards -- Realtek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S based boards -- SMC/WD 8003, 8013, and the SMC `Elite16' ISA boards -- SMC/WD 8003, 8013 and IBM PS/2 Adapter/A MCA boards [m] -- SMC/WD 8216 (the SMC `Elite16 Ultra' ISA boards) -- SMC 91C9x-based boards (ISA and PCMCIA) -- SMC EPIC/100 Fast Ethernet boards ++oo SMC Etherpower-II -- Texas Instruments ThunderLAN based ethernet boards ++oo Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX ++oo Compaq ProLiant Integrated Netelligent 10/100 TX ++oo Compaq Netelligent 10 T (untested) ++oo Compaq Integrated NetFlex 3/P ++oo Compaq NetFlex 3/P in baseboard variant (the PCI variant doesn't use the same chip!) ++oo Compaq Dual Port Netelligent 10/100 TX ++oo Compaq Deskpro 4000 5233MMX (untested) ++oo Texas Instruments TravelMate 5000 series laptop docking station Ethernet board -- VIA VT3043 (Rhine) and VT86C100A (Rhine-II) based ethernet boards ++oo D-Link DFE530TX ++oo FDDI adapters -- Digital DEFPA PCI FDDI adapters [*] [+] -- Digital DEFEA EISA FDDI adapters [*] [+] ++oo Token-Ring adapters -- IBM Token-Ring Network PC Adapter [+] -- IBM Token-Ring Network PC Adapter II [+] -- IBM Token-Ring Network Adapter/A [+] -- IBM Token-Ring Network 16/4 Adapter [+] -- IBM Token-Ring Network 16/4 Adapter/A [m] -- IBM 16/4 ISA Adapter [+] -- IBM Auto 16/4 Token-Ring ISA Adapter [+] -- 3COM 3C619 TokenLink [+] -- 3COM 3C319 TokenLink Velocity [+] ++oo Wireless network adapters -- Many Atheros 802.11 cards -- 3Com AirConnect Wireless LAN -- AT&T/Lucent/Agere WaveLAN/ORiNOCO IEEE (802.11) PCMCIA cards -- Aironet 4500/4800 and Cisco 340 series PCMCIA cards -- BayStack 650 802.11FH PCMCIA cards [*] [+] -- Corega Wireless LAN PCC-11 cards [*] [+] -- DEC/Cabletron RoamAbout 802.11 DS High Rate cards [*] [+] -- ELSA AirLancer MC-11 card [*] [+] -- Intel 2100/2200BG/2915ABG/4965AGN cards [*] [+] -- Intersil Prism II -- Melco AIR CONNECT WLI-PCM-L11 cards [*] [+] -- NetWave AirSurfer PCMCIA cards [*] [+] ++oo High Speed Serial -- LAN Media Corporation SSI/LMC10000 (up to 10 Mbps) [*] [+] -- LAN Media Corporation HSSI/LMC5200 [*] [+] -- LAN Media Corporation DS3/LMC5245 [*] [+] ++oo Tape drives -- Most SCSI tape drives -- Seagate and OnStream ATAPI tape drives, possi- bly others -- QIC-02 and QIC-36 format (Archive- and Wangtek- compatible) tape drives [*] [+] ++oo CD-ROM drives -- Non-IDE Mitsumi CD-ROM drives [*] [+] _N_o_t_e_: The Mitsumi driver device probe is known to cause trouble with several devices! -- Most SCSI CD-ROM drives -- Most ATAPI CD-ROM drives. _N_o_t_e_: Some low-priced IDE CD-ROM drives are known for being not or not fully ATAPI compliant, and thus require some hack (generally an entry to a quirk table) to work with NetBSD. ++oo Mice -- ``Logitech'' -style bus mice [*] [+] -- Microsoft-style bus mice [*] [+] -- ``PS/2'' -style mice [*] [+] -- Serial mice (no kernel support necessary) ++oo Sound Cards -- Aria based sound cards [*] -- Cirrus Logic CS461x, CS4280 and CS4281 audio [*] [+] -- Ensoniq AudioPCI [*] [+] -- ESS Technology ESS 1688 Audiodrive, ES1777/1868/1869/1887/1888/888, Maestro 1/2/2E and Solo-1 ES1938/1946 [*] [+] -- Gravis Ultrasound Plug and Play [*] [+] -- Gravis Ultrasound and Ultrasound Max [*] [+] -- NeoMagic MagicMedia 256AV / 256ZX AC'97 audio [*] [+] -- Personal Sound System [*] [+] -- ProAudio Spectrum [*] [+] -- S3 SonicVibes [*] [+] -- SoundBlaster, SoundBlaster Pro, SoundBlaster 16 [*] [+] -- VIA VT82C686A southbridge integrated AC97 audio [*] [+] -- Windows Sound System [*] [+] -- Yamaha YMF724/740/744/754 audio (DS-1 series) [*] [+] -- Yamaha OPL3-SA3 audio [*] [+] ++oo Game Ports (Joysticks) [*] [+] ++oo Miscellaneous -- Advanced power management (APM) [*] -- Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) [*] [+] ++oo Universal Serial Bus (USB) -- UHCI host controllers [*] [+] -- OHCI host controllers [*] [+] -- Hubs [*] [+] -- Keyboards using the boot protocol [*] [+] -- Mice [*] [+] -- Printers [*] [+] -- Modems using Abstract Control Model [*] [+] -- 3G wireless modems [*] [+] -- Generic support for HID devices [*] [+] -- Ethernet adapters [*] [+] -- Audio devices [*] [+] -- FTDI based serial adapters [*] [+] -- Silicon Labs CP210x serial adapters [*] [+] -- Mass storage devices such as disks, ZIP drives and digital cameras [*] [+] -- driver for the Prolific host-to-host adapter [*] [+] -- Handspring Visor driver [*] [+] ++oo PCMCIA Controllers. ISA, PCI, and ISA Plug and Play attachments -- Intel 82365 PCIC, rev 0 and rev 1 -- Cirrus PD6710 -- Cirrus PD672X _N_o_t_e_: This will work with most laptops as well as with ISA cards which provide PCMCIA slots for desktops. ++oo RAID Controllers -- 3ware Escalade family of controllers -- Compaq Integrated Array (PCI) [b] -- Compaq IAES (EISA) -- Compaq IDA, IDA-2 (EISA) -- Compaq Smart Array 221, 3100ES, 3200, 4200, 4250ES (PCI) [b] -- Compaq Smart Array 431, RAID LC2 [b] -- Compaq SMART 2, 2/E (EISA) -- Compaq SMART 2/E, 2/P, 2DH, 2SL (PCI) [b] -- DELL RAID controllers ++oo PERC 2/SC ++oo PERC 2/DC ++oo PERC 4/Di ++oo PERC 4/SC ++oo PERC 4e/Si ++oo CERC 1.5 -- DPT SCSI RAID boards (ISA [*], EISA and PCI) ++oo SmartCache III ++oo SmartCache IV ++oo SmartRAID III ++oo SmartRAID IV -- MegaRAID controllers ++oo 320-1 ++oo 320-2 ++oo Series 418 ++oo Enterprise 1200 (Series 428) ++oo Enterprise 1300 (Series 434) ++oo Enterprise 1400 (Series 438) ++oo Enterprise 1500 (Series 467) ++oo Enterprise 1600 (Series 471) ++oo Elite 1500 (Series 467) ++oo Elite 1600 (Series 493) ++oo Express 100 (Series 466WS) ++oo Express 200 (Series 466) ++oo Express 300 (Series 490) ++oo Express 500 (Series 475) Specific driver footnotes: [*] Drivers are _n_o_t present in kernels on the distribution floppies. Except as noted above, all drivers are present on all disks. Also, at the present time, the distributed kernels support only one SCSI host adapter per machine. NetBSD normally allows more, though, so if you have more than one, you can use all of them by compiling a custom kernel once NetBSD is installed. [+] Support _i_s included in the GENERIC kernels, although it is not in the kernels which are on the distribution floppies. [b] Devices require BIOS support for PCI-PCI bridging on your motherboard. Most reasonably modern Pentium moth- erboards have this support, or can acquire it via a BIOS upgrade. [m] Devices are only supported by MCA-enabled kernels. GGeettttiinngg tthhee NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm oonn ttoo UUsseeffuull MMeeddiiaa If you are not booting off a CD-ROM, you will need to have some floppy disks to boot off; either three 1.44 MB floppies or one 1.2 MB floppy. Use _b_o_o_t_1_._f_s and _b_o_o_t_2_._f_s for VGA installation. _b_o_o_t_-_c_o_m_1_._f_s and _b_o_o_t_-_c_o_m_2_._f_s are available if you wish to use a serial console. If you are using a UNIX-like system to write the floppy images to disks, you should use the dd command to copy the file system image(s) (.fs file) directly to the raw floppy disk. It is suggested that you read the dd(1) manual page or ask your system administrator to determine the correct set of arguments to use; it will be slightly different from system to system, and a comprehensive list of the possibili- ties is beyond the scope of this document. If you are using Microsoft Windows to write the floppy image(s) to floppy disk, you can use the RRaawwrriittee3322 Windows program. It can be downloaded from hhttttppss::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//~~mmaarrttiinn//rraawwrriittee3322 A rraawwrriittee utility for the MS-DOS environment is also avail- able in the _i_3_8_6_/_i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n_/_m_i_s_c_/ directory of the i386 install media. Installation is supported from several media types, includ- ing: ++oo CD-ROM / DVD / USB-stick ++oo FTP ++oo Remote NFS partition ++oo Tape ++oo Existing NetBSD partitions, if performing an upgrade The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation depend upon which installation medium you choose. The steps for the various media are outlined below. _C_D_-_R_O_M _/ _D_V_D _/ _U_S_B_-_s_t_i_c_k Find out where the distribution set files are on the CD-ROM, DVD or USB stick. Likely locations are _b_i_n_a_r_y_/_s_e_t_s and _i_3_8_6_/_b_i_n_a_r_y_/_s_e_t_s. (You only need to know this if you are mixing installer and installation media from different versions - the installer will know the proper default location for the sets it comes with). Proceed to the instructions on installation. _F_T_P The preparations for this instal- lation/upgrade method are easy; all you need to do is make sure that there's an FTP site from which you can retrieve the NetBSD distribution when you're about to install or upgrade. If you don't have DHCP available on your net- work, you will need to know the numeric IP address of that site, and, if it's not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself. Once you have this information, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrad- ing. _N_F_S Place the NetBSD distribution sets you wish to install into a direc- tory on an NFS server, and make that directory mountable by the machine on which you are installing or upgrading NetBSD. This will probably require modify- ing the _/_e_t_c_/_e_x_p_o_r_t_s file on the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd). (Both of these actions will probably require superuser privileges on the server.) You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server, and, if you don't have DHCP available on your network and the server is not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself. Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the informa- tion mentioned above, you can pro- ceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on pre- paring your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. _T_a_p_e To install NetBSD from a tape, you need to make a tape that contains the distribution set files, in `tar' format. If you're making the tape on a UNIX-like system, the easiest way to do so is probably something like: # ttaarr --ccff _t_a_p_e___d_e_v_i_c_e _d_i_s_t___s_e_t_s where _t_a_p_e___d_e_v_i_c_e is the name of the tape device that represents the tape drive you're using. This might be _/_d_e_v_/_r_s_t_0, or something similar, but it will vary from system to system. In the above example, _d_i_s_t___s_e_t_s is a list of filenames corresponding to the distribution sets that you wish to place on the tape. For instance, to put the kkeerrnn--GGEENNEERRIICC,, bbaassee,, and eettcc distributions on tape (the absolute minimum required for installation), you would do the following: # ccdd ......//NNeettBBSSDD--88..33 # ccdd ii338866//bbiinnaarryy # ttaarr --ccff _t_a_p_e___d_e_v_i_c_e kkeerrnn--GGEENNEERRIICC..ttggzz bbaassee..ttggzz eettcc..ttggzz _N_o_t_e_: You still need to fill in _t_a_p_e___d_e_v_i_c_e in the example. Once you have the files on the tape, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installa- tion, go directly to the section on upgrading. PPrreeppaarriinngg yyoouurr SSyysstteemm ffoorr NNeettBBSSDD iinnssttaallllaattiioonn First and foremost, before beginning the installation process, _m_a_k_e _s_u_r_e _y_o_u _h_a_v_e _a _r_e_l_i_a_b_l_e _b_a_c_k_u_p of any data on your hard disk that you wish to keep. Mistakes in parti- tioning your hard disk may lead to data loss. It is strongly recommended that as part of the installation procedure, you upgrade your system's BIOS to the latest ver- sion available from your system vendor. Later BIOSes often contain workarounds for CPU and chipset bugs, workarounds that cannot be provided by the operating system. In the past, bugs fixed this way have been known to cause unpredictable behaviour and frequent system crashes with NetBSD and other UNIX-like operating systems on x86 hard- ware. SSeemmii--mmaannuuaallllyy iinnssttaalllliinngg oonn UUEEFFII ssyysstteemmss Unfortunately the NetBSD installer does not properly support installation on machines using UUEEFFII firmware or when target- ting disks with more than 2 TB size. A semi-manual mode of installation is supported and quite painless. This short- coming will be addressesed in the upcoming next release. Please refer to hhttttppss::////wwiikkii..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//IInnssttaallllaattiioonn__oonn__UUEEFFII__ssyysstteemmss// when installing on UUEEFFII systems. See this hhttttppss::////wwiikkii..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//uusseerrss//ssppzz//mmooddeerrnnddiisskk// for expert / manual installation suggestions on modern disk systems. Before you begin, you should be aware of the geometry issues that may arise in relation to your hard disk. First of all, you should know about sector size. You can count on this to be 512 bytes; other sizes are rare (and currently not sup- ported). Of particular interest are the number of sectors per track, the number of tracks per cylinder (also known as the number of heads), and the number of cylinders. Together they describe the disk geometry. The BIOS has a limit of 1024 cylinders and 63 sectors per track for doing BIOS I/O. This is because of the old pro- gramming interface to the BIOS that restricts these values. Most of the big disks currently being used have more than 1024 real cylinders. Some have more than 63 sectors per track. Therefore, the BIOS can be instructed to use a fake geometry that accesses most of the disk and the fake geome- try has less than or equal to 1024 cylinders and less than or equal to 63 sectors. This is possible because the disks can be addressed in a way that is not restricted to these values, and the BIOS can internally perform a translation. This can be activated in most modern BIOSes by using _L_a_r_g_e or _L_B_A mode for the disk. NetBSD does not have the mentioned limitations with regard to the geometry. However, since the BIOS has to be used during startup, it is important to know about the geometry the BIOS uses. The NetBSD kernel should be on a part of the disk where it can be loaded using the BIOS, within the limi- tations of the BIOS geometry. The install program will check this for you, and will give you a chance to correct this if this is not the case. If you have not yet installed any other systems on the hard disk that you plan to install NetBSD on, or if you plan to use the disk entirely for NetBSD, you may wish to check your BIOS settings for the `Large' or `LBA' modes, and activate them for the hard disk in question. While they are not needed by NetBSD as such, doing so will remove the limita- tions mentioned above, and will avoid hassle should you wish to share the disk with other systems. Do _n_o_t change these settings if you already have data on the disk that you want to preserve! In any case, it is wise to check your the BIOS settings for the hard disk geometry before beginning the installation, and write them down. While this should usually not be needed, it enables you to verify that the install program determines these values correctly. The geometry that the BIOS uses will be referred to as the _B_I_O_S _g_e_o_m_e_t_r_y, the geometry that NetBSD uses is the _r_e_a_l _g_e_o_m_e_t_r_y. ssyyssiinnsstt, the NetBSD installation program, will try to dis- cover both the real geometry and BIOS geometry. It is _i_m_p_o_r_t_a_n_t that ssyyssiinnsstt know the proper BIOS geometry to be able to get NetBSD to boot, regardless of where on your disk you put it. It is less of a concern if the disk is going to be used entirely for NetBSD. If you intend to have several OSes on your disk, this becomes a much larger issue. SSeemmii--mmaannuuaallllyy iinnssttaalllliinngg oonn UUEEFFII ssyysstteemmss Unfortunately the NetBSD installer does not properly support installation on machines using UUEEFFII firmware or when target- ting disks with more than 2 TB size. A semi-manual mode of installation is supported and quite painless. This short- coming will be addressesed in the upcoming next release. Please refer to hhttttppss::////wwiikkii..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//IInnssttaallllaattiioonn__oonn__UUEEFFII__ssyysstteemmss// when installing on UUEEFFII systems. See this hhttttppss::////wwiikkii..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//uusseerrss//ssppzz//mmooddeerrnnddiisskk// for expert / manual installation suggestions on modern disk systems. IInnssttaalllliinngg tthhee NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm _R_u_n_n_i_n_g _t_h_e _s_y_s_i_n_s_t _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _p_r_o_g_r_a_m 1. _I_n_t_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n Using ssyyssiinnsstt, installing NetBSD is a relatively easy process. Still, you should read this document and have it available during the installation process. This document tries to be a good guide to the installation, and as such, covers many details for the sake of com- pleteness. Do not let this discourage you; the install program is not hard to use. 2. _P_o_s_s_i_b_l_e _h_a_r_d_w_a_r_e _p_r_o_b_l_e_m_s Should you encounter hardware problems during installa- tion, try rebooting after unplugging removable devices you don't need for installation. Non-removable devices can be disabled with uusseerrccoonnff (use bboooott --cc to enter it). 3. _G_e_n_e_r_a_l The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while installing NetBSD on your hard disk. ssyyssiinnsstt is a menu driven program that guides you through the installation process. Sometimes questions will be asked, and in many cases the default answer will be displayed in brackets (``[ ]'') after the ques- tion. If you wish to stop the installation, you may press CONTROL-C at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation process again from scratch by running the _/_s_y_s_i_n_s_t program from the command prompt. It is not necessary to reboot. 4. _Q_u_i_c_k _i_n_s_t_a_l_l First, let's describe a quick install. The other sec- tions of this document go into the installation proce- dure in more detail, but you may find that you do not need this. If you want detailed instructions, skip to the next section. This section describes a basic installation, using a CD / DVD (or USB stick) as the install media. ++oo What you need. -- The distribution sets (in this example, they are on the CD or DVD). -- A minimum of 32 MB of memory installed. -- An optical drive. -- A hard drive with at least 600 MB of free space for a complete base install, not including room for swap. If you wish to install the X Window System as well, you will need at least 225 MB more. ++oo The Quick Installation -- Insert the CD into the drive or the USB mem- stick into an available USB port and boot the computer from it. .***********************************************. * NetBSD-8.3 Install System * * * *>a: Install NetBSD to hard disk * * b: Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk * * c: Re-install sets or install additional sets * * d: Reboot the computer * * e: Utility menu * * f: Config menu * * x: Exit Install System * .***********************************************. -- If you wish, you can configure some network settings immediately by choosing the UUttiilliittyy mmeennuu and then CCoonnffiigguurree nneettwwoorrkk. It isn't actually required at this point, but it may be more convenient. Go back to the main menu. -- Choose IInnssttaallll. -- You will be guided through the setup of your disk. -- You will be asked to choose which distribution sets to install. -- When prompted, choose CCDD--RROOMM as the install medium if booted from CD-ROM. The default val- ues for the path and device should be ok. If you booted using a USB image, choose LLooccaall ddiirreeccttoorryy. -- After the installation process has completed, you will be brought back to the main menu, where you should select RReebboooott.. -- NetBSD will now boot. If you didn't set a password for the root user when prompted by ssyyssiinnsstt, logging in as root and setting a pass- word should be your first task. You are also advised to read afterboot(8). 5. _B_o_o_t_i_n_g _N_e_t_B_S_D Boot your machine. The boot loader will start, which will print a countdown and begin booting. You may want to read the boot messages, to notice your disk's name and geometry. Its name will be something like sd0 or wd0 and the geometry will be printed on a line that begins with its name. As mentioned above, you may need your disk's geometry when creating NetBSD's partitions. You will also need to know the name, to tell ssyyssiinnsstt on which disk to install. The most important thing to know is that wd0 is NetBSD's name for your first SATA/PATA disk, wd1 the second, etc. sd0 is your first SCSI disk, sd1 the second, etc. Once NetBSD has booted and printed all the boot mes- sages, you will be presented with a welcome message and a main menu. It will also include instructions for using the menus. 6. _N_e_t_w_o_r_k _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_a_t_i_o_n If you do not intend to use networking during the installation, but you do want your machine to be con- figured for networking once it is installed, you should first go to the UUttiilliittyy mmeennuu and select the CCoonnffiigguurree nneettwwoorrkk option. If you only want to temporarily use networking during the installation, you can specify these parameters later. If you are not using the Domain Name System (DNS), you can give an empty response when asked to provide a server. 7. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _d_r_i_v_e _s_e_l_e_c_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r_s To start the installation, select IInnssttaallll NNeettBBSSDD ttoo hhaarrdd ddiisskk from the main menu. The first thing is to identify the disk on which you want to install NetBSD. ssyyssiinnsstt will report a list of disks it finds and ask you for your selection. You should see disk names like wd0, wd1, sd0 or sd1. ssyyssiinnsstt next tries to figure out the real and BIOS geometry of your disk. It will present you with the values it found, if any, and will give you a chance to change them. Normally, the values it presents will be correct. 8. _S_e_l_e_c_t_i_n_g _w_h_i_c_h _s_e_t_s _t_o _i_n_s_t_a_l_l The next step is to choose which distribution sets you wish to install. Options are provided for full, mini- mal, and custom installations. If you choose sets on your own, bbaassee, eettcc, and a kernel must be selected. 9. _P_a_r_t_i_t_i_o_n_i_n_g _t_h_e _d_i_s_k ++oo Choosing which portion of the disk to use. You will be asked if you want to use the entire disk or only part of the disk. If you decide to use the entire disk for NetBSD, ssyyssiinnsstt will check for the presence of other operating systems and you will be asked to confirm that you want to overwrite these. If you want to use the entire disk for NetBSD, you can skip the following section and go to _E_d_i_t_i_n_g _t_h_e _N_e_t_B_S_D _d_i_s_k_l_a_b_e_l. 10. _E_d_i_t_i_n_g _t_h_e _M_a_s_t_e_r _B_o_o_t _R_e_c_o_r_d You will be presented with the current values stored in the MBR, and will be given the opportunity to change, create or delete partitions. For each partition you can set the type, the start and the size. Setting the type to uunnuusseedd will delete a partition. You can also mark a partition as active, meaning that this is the one that the BIOS will start from at boot time. Be sure to mark the partition you want to boot from as active! After you are done editing the MBR, a sanity check will be done, checking for partitions that overlap. Depend- ing on the BIOS capabilities of your machine and the parameters of the NetBSD partition you have specified, you may also be asked if you want to install newer bootcode in your MBR. If you have multiple operating systems on the disk that you are installing on, you will also be given the option to install a bootselec- tor, which will allow you to pick the operating system to start up when your computer is (re-)started. If everything is ok, you can go on to the next step, editing the NetBSD disklabel. 11. _E_d_i_t_i_n_g _t_h_e _N_e_t_B_S_D _d_i_s_k_l_a_b_e_l The partition table of the NetBSD part of a disk is called a _d_i_s_k_l_a_b_e_l. If your disk already has a diskla- bel written to it, you can choose UUssee eexxiissttiinngg ppaarrttiittiioonn ssiizzeess. Otherwise, select SSeett ssiizzeess ooff NNeettBBSSDD ppaarrttiittiioonnss. After you have chosen your partitions and their sizes (or if you opted to use the existing partitions), you will be presented with the layout of the NetBSD diskla- bel and given one more chance to change it. For each partition, you can set the type, offset and size, block and fragment size, and the mount point. The type that NetBSD uses for normal file storage is called 44..22BBSSDD. A swap partition has a special type called sswwaapp. Some partitions in the disklabel have a fixed purpose. a Root partition (_/) b Swap partition. c The NetBSD portion of the disk. d The entire disk. e-p Available for other use. Traditionally, e is the partition mounted on _/_u_s_r, but this is historical practice and not a fixed value. You will then be asked to name your disk's disklabel. The default response will be ok for most purposes. If you choose to name it something different, make sure the name is a single word and contains no special char- acters. You don't need to remember this name. 12. _P_r_e_p_a_r_i_n_g _y_o_u_r _h_a_r_d _d_i_s_k _Y_o_u _a_r_e _n_o_w _a_t _t_h_e _p_o_i_n_t _o_f _n_o _r_e_t_u_r_n. Nothing has been written to your disk yet, but if you confirm that you want to install NetBSD, your hard drive will be modified. If you are sure you want to proceed, select yyeess. The install program will now label your disk and create the file systems you specified. The file systems will be initialized to contain NetBSD bootstrapping binaries and configuration files. You will see messages on your screen from the various NetBSD disk preparation tools that are running. There should be no errors in this section of the installation. If there are, restart from the beginning of the installation process. Other- wise, you can continue the installation program after pressing the return key. 13. _G_e_t_t_i_n_g _t_h_e _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n _s_e_t_s The NetBSD distribution consists of a number of _s_e_t_s that come in the form of gzipped tar files. At this point, you will be presented with a menu which enables you to choose from one of the following methods of installing the sets. Some of these methods will first transfer the sets to your hard disk, others will extract the sets directly. For all these methods, the first step is to make the sets available for extraction. The sets can be made available in a few different ways. The following sec- tions describe each of the methods. After reading about the method you will be using, you can continue to the section labeled `Extracting the distribution sets'. 14. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _f_r_o_m _C_D_-_R_O_M When installing from a CD-ROM, you will be asked to specify the device name for your CD-ROM drive (usually cd0) and the directory name on the CD-ROM where the distribution files are. ssyyssiinnsstt will then check that the files are actually present in the specified location and proceed to the extraction of the sets. 15. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _u_s_i_n_g _F_T_P To install using ftp, you first need to configure your network setup if you haven't already done so. ssyyssiinnsstt will help you with this, asking if you want to use DHCP. If you do not use DHCP, you can enter network configuration details yourself. If you do not have DNS set up for the machine that you are installing on, you can just press RETURN in answer to this question, and DNS will not be used. You will also be asked to specify the host that you want to transfer the sets from, the directory on that host, the account name and password used to log into that host using ftp, and optionally a proxy server to use. If you did not set up DNS, you will need to spec- ify an IP address instead of a hostname for the ftp server. ssyyssiinnsstt will then transfer the set files from the remote site to your hard disk. 16. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _u_s_i_n_g _N_F_S To install using NFS, you first need to configure your network setup if you haven't already done so. ssyyssiinnsstt will do this for you, asking you if you want to use DHCP. If you do not use DHCP, you can enter network configuration details yourself. If you do not have DNS set up for the machine that you are installing on, you can just press RETURN in answer to this question, and DNS will not be used. You will also be asked to specify the host that you want to transfer the sets from and the directory on that host that the files are in. This directory should be mountable by the machine you are installing on, i.e., correctly exported to your machine. If you did not set up DNS, you will need to specify an IP address instead of a hostname for the NFS server. 17. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _f_r_o_m _a _f_l_o_p_p_y _s_e_t Because the installation sets are too big to fit on one floppy, the floppies are expected to be filled with the split set files. The floppies are expected to be in MS-DOS format. You will be asked for a directory where the sets should be reassembled. Then you will be prompted to insert the floppies containing the split sets. This process will continue until all the sets have been loaded from floppy. 18. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _f_r_o_m _a_n _u_n_m_o_u_n_t_e_d _f_i_l_e _s_y_s_t_e_m In order to install from a local file system, you will need to specify the device that the file system resides on (for example wd1e), the type of the file system, and the directory on the specified file system where the sets are located. ssyyssiinnsstt will then check if it can indeed access the sets at that location. 19. _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _f_r_o_m _a _l_o_c_a_l _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y This option assumes that you have already done some preparation yourself. The sets should be located in a directory on a file system that is already accessible. ssyyssiinnsstt will ask you for the name of this directory. 20. _E_x_t_r_a_c_t_i_n_g _t_h_e _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n _s_e_t_s A progress bar will be displayed while the distribution sets are being extracted. After all the files have been extracted, the device node files will be created. If you have already con- figured networking, you will be asked if you want to use this configuration for normal operation. If so, these values will be installed in the network configu- ration files. 21. _C_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_e _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l _i_t_e_m_s The next menu will allow you to select a number of additional items to configure, including the time zone that you're in, to make sure your clock has the right offset from UTC, the root user's shell, and the initial root password. You can also enable installation of binary packages, which installs the pkgin(1) tool for managing binary packages for third-party software. This will feel familiar to users of package tools such as aapptt--ggeett or yyuumm. If you prefer to install third-party software from source, you can install the pkgsrc(7) tree. Finally, you can enable some daemons such as sshd(8), ntpd(8), or mdnsd(8). 22. _F_i_n_a_l_i_z_i_n_g _y_o_u_r _i_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n Congratulations, you have successfully installed NetBSD 8.3. You can now reboot the machine and boot NetBSD from hard disk. PPoosstt iinnssttaallllaattiioonn sstteeppss Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few things you need to do in order to bring the system into a properly configured state. The most important steps are described below. 1. Before all else, read postinstall(8). 2. Configuring _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f If you or the installation software haven't done any configuration of _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f (ssyyssiinnsstt normally will), the system will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the message /etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted. and with the root file system (_/) mounted read-only. When the system asks you to choose a shell, simply press RETURN to get to a _/_b_i_n_/_s_h prompt. If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with vvtt222200 (or what- ever is appropriate for your terminal type) and press RETURN. You may need to type one of the following com- mands to get your delete key to work properly, depend- ing on your keyboard: # ssttttyy eerraassee ''^^hh'' # ssttttyy eerraassee ''^^??'' At this point, you need to configure at least one file in the _/_e_t_c directory. You will need to mount your root file system read/write with: # //ssbbiinn//mmoouunntt --uu --ww // Change to the _/_e_t_c directory and take a look at the _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f file. Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set rc_configured=YES so that your changes will be enabled and a multi-user boot can pro- ceed. Default values for the various programs can be found in _/_e_t_c_/_d_e_f_a_u_l_t_s_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f, where some in-line doc- umentation may be found. More complete documentation can be found in rc.conf(5). When you have finished editing _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f, type eexxiitt at the prompt to leave the single-user shell and con- tinue with the multi-user boot. Other values that may need to be set in _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f for a networked environment are _h_o_s_t_n_a_m_e and possibly _d_e_f_a_u_l_t_r_o_u_t_e. You may also need to add an _i_f_c_o_n_f_i_g___i_n_t for your network interface, along the lines of ifconfig_wm0="inet 192.0.2.123 netmask 255.255.255.0" or, if you have _m_y_n_a_m_e_._m_y_._d_o_m in _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s: ifconfig_wm0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0" To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an _/_e_t_c_/_r_e_s_o_l_v_._c_o_n_f file or (if you are feeling a little more adventurous) run named(8). See resolv.conf(5) or named(8) for more information. Instead of manually configuring networking, DHCP can be used by setting dhcpcd=YES in _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._c_o_n_f. 3. Logging in After reboot, you can log in as root at the login prompt. If you didn't set a password in ssyyssiinnsstt, there is no initial password. You should create an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the ``root'' account with good passwords. By default, root login from the network is disabled (even via ssh(1)). One way to become root over the network is to log in as a different user that belongs to group ``wheel'' (see group(5)) and use su(1) to become root. 4. Adding accounts Use the useradd(8) command to add accounts to your sys- tem. Do not edit _/_e_t_c_/_p_a_s_s_w_d directly! See vipw(8) and pwd_mkdb(8) if you want to edit the password database. 5. The X Window System If you installed the X Window System, you may want to read the chapter about X in the NetBSD Guide: hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ddooccss//gguuiiddee//eenn//cchhaapp--xx..hhttmmll 6. Installing third party packages If you wish to install any of the software freely available for UNIX-like systems you are strongly advised to first check the NetBSD package system, pkgsrc. pkgsrc automatically handles any changes nec- essary to make the software run on NetBSD. This includes the retrieval and installation of any other packages the software may depend upon. ++oo More information on the package system is available at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ddooccss//ssooffttwwaarree//ppaacckkaaggeess..hhttmmll ++oo A list of available packages suitable for browsing is at ffttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//ppkkggssrrcc//ccuurrrreenntt//ppkkggssrrcc//RREEAADDMMEE..hhttmmll ++oo Precompiled binaries can be found at ffttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//ppkkggssrrcc//ppaacckkaaggeess//NNeettBBSSDD// usually in the _i_3_8_6_/_8_._3_/_A_l_l subdir. If you installed pkgin(1) in the ssyyssiinnsstt post-installation configuration menu, you can use it to automatically install binary packages over the network. Assuming that _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_/_e_t_c_/_p_k_g_i_n_/_r_e_p_o_s_i_t_o_r_i_e_s_._c_o_n_f is cor- rectly configured, you can install them with the following commands: ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll ttccsshh ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll bbaasshh ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll ppeerrll ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll aappaacchhee ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll kkddee ## ppkkggiinn iinnssttaallll ffiirreeffooxx ... _N_o_t_e_: Some mirror sites don't mirror the _/_p_u_b_/_p_k_g_s_r_c directory. The above commands will install the Tenex-csh and Bourne Again shells, the Perl programming language, Apache web server, KDE desktop environment and the Firefox web browser as well as all the packages they depend on. ++oo If you did not install it from the ssyyssiinnsstt post- installation configuration menu, the pkgsrc(7) framework for compiling packages can be obtained by retrieving the file ffttpp::////ffttpp..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ppuubb//ppkkggssrrcc//ppkkggssrrcc..ttaarr..ggzz It is typically extracted into _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_s_r_c (though other locations work fine) with the commands: # ccdd //uussrr # ttaarr --zzxxppff ppkkggssrrcc..ttaarr..ggzz After extracting, see the _d_o_c_/_p_k_g_s_r_c_._t_x_t file in the extraction directory (e.g., _/_u_s_r_/_p_k_g_s_r_c_/_d_o_c_/_p_k_g_s_r_c_._t_x_t) for more information. 7. Misc ++oo Edit _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_i_l_/_a_l_i_a_s_e_s to forward root mail to the right place. Don't forget to run newaliases(1) afterwards. ++oo Edit _/_e_t_c_/_r_c_._l_o_c_a_l to run any local daemons you use. ++oo Many of the _/_e_t_c files are documented in section 5 of the manual; so just invoking # mmaann 55 _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is likely to give you more information on these files. UUppggrraaddiinngg aa pprreevviioouussllyy--iinnssttaalllleedd NNeettBBSSDD SSyysstteemm The easiest way to upgrade to NetBSD 8.3 is with binaries, and that is the method documented here. To do the upgrade, you must have one form of boot media available. You must also have at least the bbaassee and kkeerrnn binary distribution sets available. Finally, you must have sufficient disk space available to install the new binaries. Since files already installed on the system are overwritten in place, you only need additional free space for files which weren't previously installed or to account for growth of the sets between releases. Since upgrading involves replacing the kernel, boot blocks, and most of the system binaries, it has the potential to cause data loss. You are strongly advised to _b_a_c_k _u_p any important data on the NetBSD partition or on another operat- ing system's partition on your disk before beginning the upgrade process. The upgrade procedure is similar to an installation, but without the hard disk partitioning. Fetching the binary sets is done in the same manner as the installation procedure; refer to the installation part of the document for help. File systems are checked before unpacking the sets. After a new kernel has been copied to your hard disk, your machine is a complete NetBSD 8.3 system. However, that doesn't mean that you're finished with the upgrade process. You will probably want to update the set of device nodes you have in _/_d_e_v. If you've changed the contents of _/_d_e_v by hand, you will need to be careful about this, but if not, you can just cd into _/_d_e_v, and run the command: # sshh MMAAKKEEDDEEVV aallll ssyyssiinnsstt will attempt to merge the settings stored in your _/_e_t_c directory with the new version of NetBSD using the postinstall(8) utility. However, postinstall(8) is only able to deal with changes that are easily automated. It is recommended that you use the etcupdate(8) tool to merge any remaining configuration changes. CCoommppaattiibbiilliittyy IIssssuueess WWiitthh PPrreevviioouuss NNeettBBSSDD RReelleeaasseess Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to bear the following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to NetBSD 8.3. Note that ssyyssiinnsstt will automatically invoke postinstall fix and thus all issues that are fixed by ppoossttiinnssttaallll by default will be handled. _I_s_s_u_e_s _a_f_f_e_c_t_i_n_g _a_n _u_p_g_r_a_d_e _f_r_o_m _N_e_t_B_S_D _5_._x _r_e_l_e_a_s_e_s See the section below on upgrading from NetBSD 6.x and 7.x as well. The following users need to be created: ++oo _mdnsd ++oo _tests ++oo _tcpdump ++oo _tss The following groups need to be created: ++oo _mdnsd ++oo _tests ++oo _tcpdump ++oo _tss The implementation of SHA2-HMAC in KAME_IPSEC as used in NetBSD 5.0 and before did not comply with current standards. FAST_IPSEC does, with the result that old and new systems cannot communicate over IPSEC if one of the affected authen- tication algorithms (hmac_sha256, hmac_sha384, hmac_sha512) is used. _I_s_s_u_e_s _a_f_f_e_c_t_i_n_g _a_n _u_p_g_r_a_d_e _f_r_o_m _N_e_t_B_S_D _6_._x _r_e_l_e_a_s_e_s See the section on upgrading from NetBSD 7.x as well The following user needs to be created: ++oo _rtadvd The following groups need to be created: ++oo _gpio ++oo _rtadvd _I_s_s_u_e_s _a_f_f_e_c_t_i_n_g _a_n _u_p_g_r_a_d_e _f_r_o_m _N_e_t_B_S_D _7_._x _r_e_l_e_a_s_e_s The following user needs to be created: ++oo _unbound ++oo _nsd The following groups need to be created: ++oo _unbound ++oo _nsd UUssiinngg oonnlliinnee NNeettBBSSDD ddooccuummeennttaattiioonn Documentation is available if you installed the manual dis- tribution set. Traditionally, the ``man pages'' (documenta- tion) are denoted by `name(section)'. Some examples of this are ++oo intro(1), ++oo man(1), ++oo apropos(1), ++oo passwd(1), and ++oo passwd(5). The section numbers group the topics into several cate- gories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administra- tive information is in section 8. The _m_a_n command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering mmaann [_s_e_c_t_i_o_n] _t_o_p_i_c. The brackets [] around the section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the lowest num- bered section name will be displayed. For instance, after logging in, enter # mmaann ppaasssswwdd to read the documentation for passwd(1). To view the docu- mentation for passwd(5), enter # mmaann 55 ppaasssswwdd instead. If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter # aapprrooppooss _s_u_b_j_e_c_t_-_w_o_r_d where _s_u_b_j_e_c_t_-_w_o_r_d is your topic of interest; a list of pos- sibly related man pages will be displayed. AAddmmiinniissttrriivviiaa If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input. There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at _m_a_j_o_r_d_o_m_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g. See hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//mmaaiilliinngglliissttss// for details. There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and questions about this release. Please send comments to: _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_c_o_m_m_e_n_t_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g. To report bugs, use the send-pr(1) command shipped with NetBSD, and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. Good bug reports include lots of details. Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web inter- face at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ssuuppppoorrtt//sseenndd--pprr..hhttmmll There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of each port of NetBSD. Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//mmaaiilliinngglliissttss// If you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific port, you probably should contact the `owner' of that port (listed below). If you'd like to help with NetBSD, and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: _n_e_t_b_s_d_-_u_s_e_r_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g. As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, then mail the appro- priate list about it. If you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it. TThhaannkkss ggoo ttoo ++oo The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, including (but not limited to): Keith Bostic Ralph Campbell Mike Karels Marshall Kirk McKusick for their work on BSD systems, support, and encourage- ment. ++oo The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the NetBSD FTP, CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers. ++oo The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server which runs the CVSweb interface to the NetBSD source tree. ++oo The Columbia University Computer Science Department for hosting the build cluster. ++oo The many organizations that provide NetBSD mirror sites. ++oo Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. ++oo We list the individuals and organizations that have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support NetBSD development, and deserve credit for it at hhttttpp::////wwwwww..NNeettBBSSDD..oorrgg//ddoonnaattiioonnss// (If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to ver- ify that you wanted to be listed.) ++oo Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into developing NetBSD since its inception in Jan- uary, 1993. (Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. If you're one of them, and would like to be mentioned, tell us!) WWee aarree...... (in alphabetical order) _T_h_e _N_e_t_B_S_D _c_o_r_e _g_r_o_u_p_: Alistair Crooks _a_g_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthew Green _m_r_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Martin Husemann _m_a_r_t_i_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chuck Silvers _c_h_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matt Thomas _m_a_t_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g YAMAMOTO Takashi _y_a_m_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christos Zoulas _c_h_r_i_s_t_o_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g _T_h_e _p_o_r_t_m_a_s_t_e_r_s _(_a_n_d _t_h_e_i_r _p_o_r_t_s_)_: Reinoud Zandijk _r_e_i_n_o_u_d aaccoorrnn3322 Matt Thomas _m_a_t_t aallpphhaa Ignatios Souvatzis _i_s aammiiggaa Ignatios Souvatzis _i_s aammiiggaappppcc Noriyuki Soda _s_o_d_a aarrcc Julian Coleman _j_d_c aattaarrii Matthias Drochner _d_r_o_c_h_n_e_r cceessffiicc Erik Berls _c_y_b_e_r ccoobbaalltt Antti Kantee _p_o_o_k_a eemmiippss Simon Burge _s_i_m_o_n_b eevvbbmmiippss Steve Woodford _s_c_w eevvbbppppcc Izumi Tsutsui _t_s_u_t_s_u_i eewwss44880000mmiippss Izumi Tsutsui _t_s_u_t_s_u_i hhpp330000 Nick Hudson _s_k_r_l_l hhppppaa Valeriy E. Ushakov _u_w_e hhppccsshh Matt Thomas _m_a_t_t iibbmmnnwwss Gavan Fantom _g_a_v_a_n iiyyoonniixx Valeriy E. Ushakov _u_w_e llaannddiisskk Izumi Tsutsui _t_s_u_t_s_u_i lluunnaa6688kk Scott Reynolds _s_c_o_t_t_r mmaacc6688kk Michael Lorenz _m_a_c_a_l_l_a_n mmaaccppppcc Steve Woodford _s_c_w mmvvmmee6688kk Steve Woodford _s_c_w mmvvmmeeppppcc Matt Thomas _m_a_t_t nneettwwiinnddeerr Izumi Tsutsui _t_s_u_t_s_u_i nneewwss6688kk Tim Rightnour _g_a_r_b_l_e_d ooffppppcc Simon Burge _s_i_m_o_n_b ppmmaaxx Tim Rightnour _g_a_r_b_l_e_d pprreepp Tim Rightnour _g_a_r_b_l_e_d rrss66000000 Tohru Nishimura _n_i_s_i_m_u_r_a ssaannddppooiinntt Simon Burge _s_i_m_o_n_b ssbbmmiippss S/oren J/orvang _s_o_r_e_n ssggiimmiippss SAITOH Masanobu _m_s_a_i_t_o_h sshh33 Martin Husemann _m_a_r_t_i_n ssppaarrcc6644 Anders Magnusson _r_a_g_g_e vvaaxx NISHIMURA Takeshi _n_s_m_r_t_k_s xx6688kk Manuel Bouyer _b_o_u_y_e_r xxeenn _T_h_e _N_e_t_B_S_D _8_._3 _R_e_l_e_a_s_e _E_n_g_i_n_e_e_r_i_n_g _t_e_a_m_: Stephen Borrill _s_b_o_r_r_i_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Manuel Bouyer _b_o_u_y_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David Brownlee _a_b_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Julian Coleman _j_d_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Alistair G. Crooks _a_g_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hoavard Eidnes _h_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Martin Husemann _m_a_r_t_i_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Soren Jacobsen _s_n_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Phil Nelson _p_h_i_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jeremy C. Reed _r_e_e_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jeff Rizzo _r_i_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g SAITOH Masanobu _m_s_a_i_t_o_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g _N_e_t_B_S_D _D_e_v_e_l_o_p_e_r_s_: Hikaru Abe _h_i_k_a_r_u_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Nathan Ahlstrom _n_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Steve Allen _w_o_r_m_e_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jukka Andberg _j_a_n_d_b_e_r_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Julian Assange _p_r_o_f_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Lennart Augustsson _a_u_g_u_s_t_s_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Zafer Aydogan _z_a_f_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christoph Badura _b_a_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Marc Balmer _m_b_a_l_m_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Bang Jun-Young _j_u_n_y_o_u_n_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Dieter Baron _d_i_l_l_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Robert V. Baron _r_v_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Alan Barrett _a_p_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Grant Beattie _g_r_a_n_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Erik Berls _c_y_b_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hiroyuki Bessho _b_s_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Birrell _j_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Rafal Boni _r_a_f_a_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Stephen Borrill _s_b_o_r_r_i_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Sean Boudreau _s_e_a_n_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Manuel Bouyer _b_o_u_y_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Allen Briggs _b_r_i_g_g_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mark Brinicombe _m_a_r_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Aaron Brown _a_b_r_o_w_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Andrew Brown _a_t_a_t_a_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David Brownlee _a_b_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jon Buller _j_o_n_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Simon Burge _s_i_m_o_n_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Robert Byrnes _b_y_r_n_e_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Pavel Cahyna _p_a_v_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g D'Arcy J.M. Cain _d_a_r_c_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Taylor R. Campbell _r_i_a_s_t_r_a_d_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Daniel Carosone _d_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Dave Carrel _c_a_r_r_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g James Chacon _j_m_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mihai Chelaru _k_e_f_r_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Aleksey Cheusov _c_h_e_u_s_o_v_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Bill Coldwell _b_i_l_l_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Sean Cole _s_c_o_l_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Julian Coleman _j_d_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Marcus Comstedt _m_a_r_c_u_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jeremy Cooper _j_e_r_e_m_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Thomas Cort _t_c_o_r_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chuck Cranor _c_h_u_c_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Alistair Crooks _a_g_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Masatake Daimon _p_h_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Johan Danielsson _j_o_d_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Darrow _j_d_a_r_r_o_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jed Davis _j_l_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matt DeBergalis _d_e_b_e_r_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Arnaud Degroote _d_e_g_r_o_o_t_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Felix Deichmann _f_l_x_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Rob Deker _d_e_k_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chris G. Demetriou _c_g_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tracy Di Marco White _g_e_n_d_a_l_i_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jarom'ir Dolecek _j_d_o_l_e_c_e_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Andy Doran _a_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Roland Dowdeswell _e_l_r_i_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Steven Drake _s_b_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Emmanuel Dreyfus _m_a_n_u_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthias Drochner _d_r_o_c_h_n_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jun Ebihara _j_u_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Elad Efrat _e_l_a_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hoavard Eidnes _h_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jaime A Fournier _o_b_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Stoned Elipot _s_e_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Michael van Elst _m_l_e_l_s_t_v_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Robert Elz _k_r_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Enami Tsugutomo _e_n_a_m_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Bernd Ernesti _v_e_e_g_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Erik Fair _f_a_i_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Gavan Fantom _g_a_v_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hauke Fath _h_a_u_k_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hubert Feyrer _h_u_b_e_r_t_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jason R. Fink _j_r_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matt J. Fleming _m_j_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Marty Fouts _m_a_r_t_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Liam J. Foy _l_i_a_m_j_f_o_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matt Fredette _f_r_e_d_e_t_t_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Thorsten Frueauf _f_r_u_e_a_u_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Castor Fu _c_a_s_t_o_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hisashi Todd Fujinaka _h_t_o_d_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Makoto Fujiwara _m_e_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ichiro Fukuhara _i_c_h_i_r_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Quentin Garnier _c_u_b_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Thomas Gerner _t_h_o_m_a_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Simon J. Gerraty _s_j_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Justin Gibbs _g_i_b_b_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chris Gilbert _c_h_r_i_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Eric Gillespie _e_p_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Brian Ginsbach _g_i_n_s_b_a_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Oliver V. Gould _v_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Paul Goyette _p_g_o_y_e_t_t_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Michael Graff _e_x_p_l_o_r_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthew Green _m_r_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Andreas Gustafsson _g_s_o_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ulrich Habel _r_h_a_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino _i_t_o_j_u_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g HAMAJIMA Katsuomi _h_a_m_a_j_i_m_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Adam Hamsik _h_a_a_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Juergen Hannken-Illjes _h_a_n_n_k_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Charles M. Hannum _m_y_c_r_o_f_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Yorick Hardy _y_h_a_r_d_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ben Harris _b_j_h_2_1_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Kenichi Hashimoto _h_k_e_n_k_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Eric Haszlakiewicz _e_r_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Hawkinson _j_h_a_w_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Emile Heitor _i_m_i_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Heasley _h_e_a_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Lars Heidieker _p_a_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Geert Hendrickx _g_h_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Wen Heping _w_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ren'e Hexel _r_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Iain Hibbert _p_l_u_n_k_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Kouichirou Hiratsuka _h_i_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Michael L. Hitch _m_h_i_t_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g 'Ad'am H'oka _a_h_o_k_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jachym Holecek _f_r_e_z_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David A. Holland _d_h_o_l_l_a_n_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christian E. Hopps _c_h_o_p_p_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Daniel Horecki _m_o_r_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ken Hornstein _k_e_n_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Marc Horowitz _m_a_r_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Eduardo Horvath _e_e_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Nick Hudson _s_k_r_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Shell Hung _s_h_e_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Darran Hunt _d_a_r_r_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Martin Husemann _m_a_r_t_i_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Dean Huxley _d_e_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Love Hoernquist oAstrand _l_h_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Roland Illig _r_i_l_l_i_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Bernardo Innocenti _b_e_r_n_i_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tetsuya Isaki _i_s_a_k_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g ITOH Yasufumi _i_t_o_h_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g IWAMOTO Toshihiro _t_o_s_h_i_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthew Jacob _m_j_a_c_o_b_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Soren Jacobsen _s_n_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Sevan Janiyan _s_e_v_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Lonhyn T. Jasinskyj _l_o_n_h_y_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Darrin Jewell _d_b_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Nicolas Joly _n_j_o_l_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g S/oren J/orvang _s_o_r_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Takahiro Kambe _t_a_c_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Antti Kantee _p_o_o_k_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Frank Kardel _k_a_r_d_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g KAWAMOTO Yosihisa _k_a_w_a_m_o_t_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Min Sik Kim _m_i_n_s_k_i_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g KIYOHARA Takashi _k_i_y_o_h_a_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Thomas Klausner _w_i_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Klaus Klein _k_l_e_i_n_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Klos _j_k_l_o_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Wayne Knowles _w_d_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Takayoshi Kochi _k_o_c_h_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mateusz Kocielski _s_h_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jonathan A. Kollasch _j_a_k_l_l_s_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Joseph Koshy _j_k_o_s_h_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Radoslaw Kujawa _r_k_u_j_a_w_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jochen Kunz _j_k_u_n_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Martti Kuparinen _m_a_r_t_t_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Arnaud Lacombe _a_l_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Kevin Lahey _k_m_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David Laight _d_s_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Johnny C. Lam _j_l_a_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Guillaume Lasmayous _g_l_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Martin J. Laubach _m_j_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Greg Lehey _g_r_o_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ted Lemon _m_e_l_l_o_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christian Limpach _c_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Frank van der Linden _f_v_d_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Joel Lindholm _j_o_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tonnerre Lombard _t_o_n_n_e_r_r_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mike Long _m_i_k_e_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Sergio Lopez _s_l_p_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Michael Lorenz _m_a_c_a_l_l_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Warner Losh _i_m_p_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tomasz Luchowski _z_u_n_t_u_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Federico Lupi _f_e_d_e_r_i_c_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Palle Lyckegaard _p_a_l_l_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Brett Lymn _b_l_y_m_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g MAEKAWA Masahide _g_e_h_e_n_n_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Anders Magnusson _r_a_g_g_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Anthony Mallet _t_h_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Marino _m_a_r_i_n_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Roy Marples _r_o_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Pedro Martelletto _p_e_d_r_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Cherry G. Mathew _c_h_e_r_r_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David Maxwell _d_a_v_i_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Gregory McGarry _g_m_c_g_a_r_r_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Dan McMahill _d_m_c_m_a_h_i_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jared D. McNeill _j_m_c_n_e_i_l_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Neil J. McRae _n_e_i_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Julio M. Merino Vidal _j_m_m_v_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Perry Metzger _p_e_r_r_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Luke Mewburn _l_u_k_e_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jean-Yves Migeon _j_y_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Brook Milligan _b_r_o_o_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Minoura Makoto _m_i_n_o_u_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Simas Mockevicius _s_y_m_k_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ryosuke Moro _s_z_p_t_v_l_f_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g der Mouse _m_o_u_s_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Youri Mouton _y_o_u_r_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Constantine A. Murenin _c_n_s_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Joseph Myers _j_s_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tuomo Maekinen _t_j_a_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Zolt'an Arnold NAGY _z_o_l_t_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Kengo NAKAHARA _k_n_a_k_a_h_a_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ken Nakata _k_e_n_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Takeshi Nakayama _n_a_k_a_y_a_m_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Alexander Nasonov _a_l_n_s_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Phil Nelson _p_h_i_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Nemeth _j_n_e_m_e_t_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Lourival Pereira Vieira Neto _l_n_e_t_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g NISHIMURA Takeshi _n_s_m_r_t_k_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tohru Nishimura _n_i_s_i_m_u_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g NONAKA Kimihiro _n_o_n_a_k_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Takehiko NOZAKI _t_n_o_z_a_k_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tobias Nygren _t_n_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g OBATA Akio _o_b_a_c_h_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jesse Off _j_o_f_f_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tatoku Ogaito _t_a_c_h_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g OKANO Takayoshi _k_a_n_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Masaru Oki _o_k_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Rin Okuyama _r_i_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ryo ONODERA _r_y_o_o_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Atsushi Onoe _o_n_o_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Greg Oster _o_s_t_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ryota Ozaki _o_z_a_k_i_-_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jonathan Perkin _s_k_e_t_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Fredrik Pettai _p_e_t_t_a_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Herb Peyerl _h_p_e_y_e_r_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthias Pfaller _m_a_t_t_h_i_a_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chris Pinnock _c_j_e_p_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Adrian Portelli _a_d_r_i_a_n_p_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Pierre Pronchery _k_h_o_r_b_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chris Provenzano _p_r_o_v_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Maya Rashish _m_a_y_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mindaugas Rasiukevicius _r_m_i_n_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Nils Ratusznik _n_i_l_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Michael Rauch _m_r_a_u_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Marc Recht _r_e_c_h_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Darren Reed _d_a_r_r_e_n_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jeremy C. Reed _r_e_e_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jens Rehsack _s_n_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Antoine Reilles _t_o_n_i_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tyler R. Retzlaff _r_t_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Scott Reynolds _s_c_o_t_t_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tim Rightnour _g_a_r_b_l_e_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jeff Rizzo _r_i_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hans Rosenfeld _h_a_n_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Steve Rumble _r_u_m_b_l_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Rumko _r_u_m_k_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jukka Ruohonen _j_r_u_o_h_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Kamil Rytarowski _k_a_m_i_l_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Blair J. Sadewitz _b_j_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David Sainty _d_s_a_i_n_t_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g SAITOH Masanobu _m_s_a_i_t_o_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Kazuki Sakamoto _s_a_k_a_m_o_t_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Guilherme Salazar _s_a_l_a_z_a_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Curt Sampson _c_j_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Wilfredo Sanchez _w_s_a_n_c_h_e_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ty Sarna _t_s_a_r_n_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g SATO Kazumi _s_a_t_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jan Schaumann _j_s_c_h_a_u_m_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthias Scheler _t_r_o_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Silke Scheler _s_i_l_k_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Karl Schilke (rAT) _r_a_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Amitai Schlair _s_c_h_m_o_n_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Konrad Schroder _p_e_r_s_e_a_n_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Georg Schwarz _s_c_h_w_a_r_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Lubomir Sedlacik _s_a_l_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christopher SEKIYA _s_e_k_i_y_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Reed Shadgett _d_e_n_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g John Shannon _s_h_a_n_n_o_n_j_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tim Shepard _s_h_e_p_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Naoto Shimazaki _i_g_y_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ryo Shimizu _r_y_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Takao Shinohara _s_h_i_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Takuya SHIOZAKI _t_s_h_i_o_z_a_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Daniel Sieger _d_s_i_e_g_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Chuck Silvers _c_h_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Thor Lancelot Simon _t_l_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Nathanial Sloss _n_a_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jeff Smith _j_e_f_f_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Noriyuki Soda _s_o_d_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Wolfgang Solfrank _w_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Joerg Sonnenberger _j_o_e_r_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Ignatios Souvatzis _i_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g T K Spindler _d_o_g_c_o_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matthew Sporleder _m_s_p_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Bill Squier _g_r_o_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Adrian Steinmann _a_s_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Bill Studenmund _w_r_s_t_u_d_e_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hiroki Suenaga _h_s_u_e_n_a_g_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Kevin Sullivan _s_u_l_l_i_v_a_n_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Kimmo Suominen _k_i_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Gr'egoire Sutre _g_s_u_t_r_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Sergey Svishchev _s_h_a_t_t_e_r_e_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Robert Swindells _r_j_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Leonardo Taccari _l_e_o_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Shin Takemura _t_a_k_e_m_u_r_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g TAMURA Kent _k_e_n_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Shin'ichiro TAYA _t_a_y_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hasso Tepper _h_a_s_s_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Matt Thomas _m_a_t_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jason Thorpe _t_h_o_r_p_e_j_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Hiroshi Tokuda _h_i_r_o_s_h_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christoph Toshok _t_o_s_h_o_k_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tam'as T'oth _t_t_o_t_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Greg Troxel _g_d_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tsubai Masanari _t_s_u_b_a_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Izumi Tsutsui _t_s_u_t_s_u_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g UCHIYAMA Yasushi _u_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Masao Uebayashi _u_e_b_a_y_a_s_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Shuichiro URATA _u_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Valeriy E. Ushakov _u_w_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Todd Vierling _t_v_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Maxime Villard _m_a_x_v_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Aymeric Vincent _a_y_m_e_r_i_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Paul Vixie _v_i_x_i_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mike M. Volokhov _m_i_s_h_k_a_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Krister Walfridsson _k_r_i_s_t_e_r_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Mark Weinem _w_e_i_n_e_m_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Lex Wennmacher _w_e_n_n_m_a_c_h_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Leo Weppelman _l_e_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Assar Westerlund _a_s_s_a_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Sebastian Wiedenroth _w_i_e_d_i_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Frank Wille _p_h_x_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Nathan Williams _n_a_t_h_a_n_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Rob Windsor _w_i_n_d_s_o_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Jim Wise _j_w_i_s_e_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Colin Wood _e_n_d_e_r_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Steve Woodford _s_c_w_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g YAMAMOTO Takashi _y_a_m_t_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Abhinav Upadhyay _a_b_h_i_n_a_v_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Yuji Yamano _y_y_a_m_a_n_o_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g David Young _d_y_o_u_n_g_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Arnaud Ysmal _s_t_a_c_k_t_i_c_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Reinoud Zandijk _r_e_i_n_o_u_d_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g S.P.Zeidler _s_p_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Tim Zingelman _t_e_z_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g Christos Zoulas _c_h_r_i_s_t_o_s_@_N_e_t_B_S_D_._o_r_g LLeeggaall MMuummbboo--JJuummbboo All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or regis- tered trademarks of their respective owners. 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This product includes software developed by Alex Zepeda, and Colin Wood for the NetBSD Projet. This product includes software developed by Alex Zepeda. This product includes software developed by Allen Briggs. This product includes software developed by Amancio Hasty and Roger Hardiman This product includes software developed by Berkeley Soft- ware Design, Inc. This product includes software developed by Bill Paul. This product includes software developed by Bodo Moeller. (If available, substitute umlauted o for oe) This product includes software developed by Boris Popov. This product includes software developed by Brini. This product includes software developed by Bruce M. Simp- son. This product includes software developed by Causality Lim- ited. This product includes software developed by Charles Hannum. This product includes software developed by Charles M. Han- num, by the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman, by William F. Jolitz, and by the University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and its contributors. This product includes software developed by Charles M. Han- num. This product includes software developed by Christian E. Hopps, Ezra Story, Kari Mettinen, Markus Wild, Lutz Vieweg and Michael Teske. This product includes software developed by Christian E. Hopps. This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou. This product includes software developed by Chuck Silvers. This product includes software developed by Colin Wood for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Colin Wood. This product includes software developed by Daan Vreeken. This product includes software developed by Daishi Kato This product includes software developed by Daniel Widenfalk and Michael L. Hitch. This product includes software developed by Daniel Widenfalk for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by David Miller. This product includes software developed by Dean Huxley. This product includes software developed by Emmanuel Dreyfus This product includes software developed by Eric S. Hvozda. This product includes software developed by Eric S. Raymond This product includes software developed by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com) This product includes software developed by Eric Young (eay@mincom.oz.au) This product includes software developed by Ezra Story and by Kari Mettinen. This product includes software developed by Ezra Story, by Kari Mettinen and by Bernd Ernesti. This product includes software developed by Ezra Story, by Kari Mettinen, Michael Teske and by Bernd Ernesti. This product includes software developed by Ezra Story, by Kari Mettinen, and Michael Teske. This product includes software developed by Ezra Story. This product includes software developed by Frank van der Linden for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Gardner Buchanan. This product includes software developed by Garrett D'Amore. This product includes software developed by Gary Thomas. This product includes software developed by Gordon Ross This product includes software developed by Harvard Univer- sity and its contributors. This product includes software developed by Harvard Univer- sity. This product includes software developed by Henrik Vester- gaard Draboel. This product includes software developed by Herb Peyerl. This product includes software developed by Hidetoshi Shimokawa. This product includes software developed by Hubert Feyrer for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Ian W. Dall. This product includes software developed by Internet Initia- tive Japan Inc. This product includes software developed by James R. Maynard III. This product includes software developed by Jared D. McNeill. This product includes software developed by Jason L. Wright This product includes software developed by Jason R. Thorpe for And Communications, http://www.and.com/ This product includes software developed by Joachim Koenig- Baltes. This product includes software developed by Jochen Pohl for The NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Joerg Wunsch This product includes software developed by John Birrell. This product includes software developed by John P. Wit- tkoski. This product includes software developed by John Polstra. This product includes software developed by Jonathan R. Stone for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone and Jason R. Thorpe for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone. This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Julian High- field. This product includes software developed by K. Kobayashi. This product includes software developed by K. Kobayashi and H. Shimokawa. This product includes software developed by Kazuhisa Shimizu. This product includes software developed by Kazuki Sakamoto. This product includes software developed by Kenneth Stailey. This product includes software developed by Kiyoshi Ikehara. This product includes software developed by Klaus Burkert,by Bernd Ernesti, by Michael van Elst, and by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors. This product includes software developed by Lloyd Parkes. This product includes software developed by Lutz Vieweg. This product includes software developed by MINOURA Makoto, Takuya Harakawa. This product includes software developed by Marc Horowitz. This product includes software developed by Marcus Comstedt. This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe for the NetBSD project. This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe. This product includes software developed by Mark Tinguely and Jim Lowe This product includes software developed by Markus Wild. This product includes software developed by Marshall M. Mid- den. This product includes software developed by Masanobu Saitoh. This product includes software developed by Masaru Oki. This product includes software developed by Matthew Fre- dette. This product includes software developed by Matt DeBergalis. This product includes software developed by Michael Smith. This product includes software developed by Microsoft. This product includes software developed by Mike Pritchard. This product includes software developed by Mike Pritchard and contributors. This product includes software developed by Minoura Makoto. This product includes software developed by Niels Provos. This product includes software developed by Niklas Hal- lqvist, Brandon Creighton and Job de Haas. This product includes software developed by Niklas Hal- lqvist. This product includes software developed by Paolo Abeni. This product includes software developed by Paul Kranenburg. This product includes software developed by Paul Mackerras. This product includes software developed by Per Fogelstrom This product includes software developed by Peter Galbavy. This product includes software developed by Phase One, Inc. This product includes software developed by Philip A. Nel- son. This product includes software developed by QUALCOMM Incor- porated. This product includes software developed by RiscBSD. This product includes software developed by Roar Thronaes. This product includes software developed by Rodney W. Grimes. This product includes software developed by Roger Hardiman This product includes software developed by Rolf Grossmann. This product includes software developed by Ross Harvey for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Ross Harvey. This product includes software developed by Scott Bartram. This product includes software developed by Scott Stevens. This product includes software developed by Shingo WATANABE. This product includes software developed by Softweyr LLC, the University of California, Berkeley, and its contribu- tors. This product includes software developed by Stephan Thesing. This product includes software developed by Steven M. Bellovin. This product includes software developed by Takashi Hamada. This product includes software developed by Takumi Nakamura. This product includes software developed by Tatoku Ogaito for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Texas A&M Uni- versity and its contributors. This product includes software developed by Thomas Gerner. This product includes software developed by TooLs GmbH. This product includes software developed by Trimble Naviga- tion, Ltd. This product includes software developed by WIDE Project and its contributors. This product includes software developed by Waldi Ravens. This product includes software developed by Winning Strate- gies, Inc. This product includes software developed by Yasushi Yamasaki. This product includes software developed by Yen Yen Lim and North Dakota State University. This product includes software developed by Zembu Labs, Inc. This product includes software developed by the Alice Group. This product includes software developed by the Computer Systems Engineering Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. This product includes software developed by the David Muir Sharnoff. This product includes software developed by the Harvard Uni- versity and its contributors. This product includes software developed by the Kungliga Tekniska Hoegskolan and its contributors. This product includes software developed by the Network Research Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.OpenSSL.org/) This product includes software developed by the PocketBSD project and its contributors. This product includes software developed by the RiscBSD ker- nel team. This product includes software developed by the RiscBSD team. This product includes software developed by the SMCC Tech- nology Development Group at Sun Microsystems, Inc. This product includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors, as well as the Trustees of Columbia University. This product includes software developed by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contrib- utors. This product includes software developed by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. This product includes software developed by the University of Illinois at Urbana and their contributors. This product includes software developed by the Urbana-Cham- paign Independent Media Center. This product includes software developed by the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman. This product includes software developed by the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman, by William F. Jolitz, and by the University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and its contributors. This product includes software developed for the FreeBSD project This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Bernd Ernesti. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Christopher G. Demetriou. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Frank van der Linden This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Jason R. Thorpe. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by John M. Vinopal. This product includes software developed by Kyma Systems. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Kyma Systems LLC. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Matthias Drochner. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Perry E. Metzger. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Scott Bartram and Frank van der Linden This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Allegro Networks, Inc., and Wasabi Systems, Inc. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Eiji Kawauchi. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Genetec Corporation. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Jonathan Stone. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Piermont Information Systems Inc. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by SUNET, Swedish University Computer Network. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Shigeyuki Fukushima. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Wasabi Systems, Inc. This product includes software developed under OpenBSD by Per Fogelstrom Opsycon AB for RTMX Inc, North Carolina, USA. This product includes software developed under OpenBSD by Per Fogelstrom. This software was developed by Holger Veit and Brian Moore for use with "386BSD" and similar operating systems. "Simi- lar operating systems" includes mainly non-profit oriented systems for research and education, including but not restricted to "NetBSD", "FreeBSD", "Mach" (by CMU). This software includes software developed by the Computer Systems Laboratory at the University of Utah. This product includes software developed by Computing Ser- vices at Carnegie Mellon University (http://www.cmu.edu/com- puting/). This product includes software developed or owned by Caldera International, Inc. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and The Open Group, have given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation. In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers to portions of the system documentation. Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in NetBSD, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html. This notice shall appear on any product containing this material. In the following statement, "This software" refers to the parallel port driver: This software is a component of "386BSD" developed by William F. Jolitz, TeleMuse. Some files have the following copyright: Mach Operating System Copyright (c) 1991,1990,1989 Carnegie Mellon Univer- sity All Rights Reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its documentation is hereby granted, pro- vided that both the copyright notice and this permis- sion notice appear in all copies of the software, de- rivative works or modified versions, and any portions thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation. CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABIL- ITY OF ANY KIND FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE. Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to Software Distribution Coordinator or Software.Dis- tribution@CS.CMU.EDU School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the rights to redistribute these changes. Some files have the following copyright: Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Carnegie-Mellon University. All rights reserved. Author: Chris G. Demetriou Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its documentation is hereby granted, pro- vided that both the copyright notice and this permis- sion notice appear in all copies of the software, de- rivative works or modified versions, and any portions thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation. CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS" CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE. Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to Software Distribution Coordinator or Software.Dis- tribution@CS.CMU.EDU School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the rights to redistribute these changes. Some files have the following copyright: Copyright 1996 The Board of Trustees of The Leland Stanford Junior University. All Rights Reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies. Stanford Uni- versity makes no representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty. TThhee EEnndd NetBSD May 4, 2024 NetBSD