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    # ............................................................................................... #
    #
    # Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA-Lyon)
    #
    # All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
    # are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
    # which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
    # http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
    #
    # ............................................................................................... #

    ----
    This module defines the set of standard decorators and utilites.
    ----
    module gololang.Decorators

    # ............................................................................................... #
    # == Contexts == #
    ----
    Returns a void context to be used with the [`withContext`](#withContext_1)
    decorator after redefinition of some methods.

    A context is an object with 4 defined methods:

    * `entry`: takes and returns the function arguments. Can be used to check
      arguments or apply transformation to them
    * `exit`: takes and returns the result of the function. Can be used to check
      conditions or transform the result
    * `catcher`: deals with exceptions that occurs during function execution.
      Takes the exception as parameter
    * `finallizer`: is called in a `finally` clause after function execution.
      No parameter

    In this default version, `entry` and `exit` return their parameters unchanged,
    `catcher` rethrow the exception and `finallizer` does nothing.
    ----
    function defaultContext = { return DynamicObject():
      define("entry", |this, args| -> args):
      define("exit", |this, result| -> result):
      define("catcher", |this, e| {throw e}):
      define("finallizer", |this| -> null)
    }

    ----
    `withContext` decorator:

        @withContext(myContext)
        function foo = |a| -> 2*a

    This decorator is a very generic one, all the customization occurs in the
    context object.
    ----
    function withContext = |context| -> |fun| -> |args...| {
      var result = null
      try {
        result = context: exit(fun: invoke(context: entry(args)))
      } catch (e) {
        context: catcher(e)
      } finally {
        context: finallizer()
      }
      return result
    }

    # ............................................................................................... #
    # == Pre/post conditions == #

    local function _apply_tests_ = |tests, args| {
      for ( var i = 0, i < java.lang.Math.min(tests: length(), args: length()), i = i + 1) {
        tests: get(i)(args: get(i))
      }
    }

    ----
    Checks arguments of the decorated function. Any checker can be used
    ----
    function checkArguments= |preTests...| -> |fun| -> |args...| {
      _apply_tests_(preTests, args)
      return fun: invoke(args)
    }

    ----
    Checks result of the decorated function. Any checker can be used
    ----
    function checkResult = |postTest| -> |fun| -> |args...| {
      let result = fun: invoke(args)
      postTest(result)
      return result
    }

    # .. Factories .. #
    ----
    Factory function to create a generic checker from a boolean function.
    Takes a boolean function and an error message.
    ----
    function asChecker = |f, m| -> |v| {
      require(f(v), v + " " + m)
      return v
    }

    ----
    Factory function to create type checker.
    Takes a type to compare to and returns a checker function.

        let isInteger = isOfType(Integer.class)
    ----
    function isOfType = |t| -> |v| {
      require(v oftype t, v + " is not a " + t: getName())
      return v
    }

    ----
    Factory function to create value checker.
    Takes a threshold and returns a checker verifying that the given value is
    greater than the threshold

        let isPositive = greaterThan(0)
    ----
    function greaterThan = |m| -> |v| {
      require(v > m, v + " is not greater than " + m)
      return v
    }

    ----
    Factory function to create value checker.
    Takes a threshold and returns a checker verifying that the given value is
    less than the threshold

        let isNegative = lessThan(0)
    ----
    function lessThan = |m| -> |v| {
      require(v < m, v + " is not less than " + m)
      return v
    }

    ----
    Factory function to create a checker asserting that the length of its argument
    is exactly a value

        @checkResult(lengthIs(2))
        function foo |a| -> [a, a]
    ----
    function lengthIs = |l| -> |v| {
      require(v: length() == l, "length of " + v + " is not " + l)
      return v
    }

    # .. Checkers .. #

    #XXX: checkers defined here need to be functions returning the actuall
    # checkers, otherwise they are not accessible on import. Not very elegant.
    # Must be a better solution.

    ----
    Void checker: does nothing. Useful when one argument should not be checked.
    ----
    function any = -> |v| -> v

    ----
    Type checker function
    ----
    function isNumber = -> |v| {
      require(v oftype Integer.class or
              v oftype Long.class or
              v oftype Double.class or
              v oftype Float.class, v + " is not a number")
      return v
    }

    ----
    Type checker function
    ----
    function isString = -> isOfType(String.class)

    ----
    Value checker function
    ----
    function isNotNull = -> |v| {
      requireNotNull(v)
      return v
    }

    ----
    Value checker function
    ----
    function isPositive = -> greaterThan(0)

    ----
    Value checker function
    ----
    function isNegative = -> lessThan(0)

    # ............................................................................................... #
    # == Memoize == #

    ----
    Factory function for memoization decorator
    Returns a new memoization decorator. The cache key is the decorated function
    and its call arguments, thus the decorator can be used for every module
    functions. It must however be put in a module-level state, since in the current
    implementation, the decoration is invoked at each call.

        let memo = memoizer()

        @memo
        function foo = |n| -> ...

        @memo
        function bar = |a,b| -> ...
    ----
    function memoizer = {
      var cache = map[]
      return |fun| -> |args...| {
        let key = [fun: hashCode(), Tuple(args)]
        if (not cache: containsKey(key)) {
          cache: add(key, fun: invoke(args))
        }
        return cache: get(key)
      }
    }

    # ............................................................................................... #
    # == Logging ==

    ----
    Factory function returning a decorator that log messages on entry and exit of
    the function.
    The factory take the logging function (e.g. `println`).
    The returned decorator takes two strings: the message to log before the call,
    and the message to log after the call. If one of these message is `null` or
    empty string, nothing is logged.

        let myLogger = loggerDecorator(|msg| {println("# " + msg)})

        @myLogger("entering foo", "exiting foo")
        function foo = { println("doing foo") }
    ----
    function loggerDecorator = |logger| {
      return |msgBefore, msgAfter| -> |func| -> |args...| {
        if msgBefore isnt null and msgBefore != "" { logger(msgBefore) }
        let res = func: invoke(args)
        if msgAfter isnt null and msgAfter != "" { logger(msgAfter) }
        return res
      }
    }

    ----
    A convenient factory to create a [`loggerDecorator`](#loggerDecorator_1)
    that `println` with a prefix and a suffix.

        @printLoggerDecorator("# ", " #")("in", "out")
        function bar = { println("bar") }
    ----
    function printLoggerDecorator = |prefix, suffix| {
      return loggerDecorator(|msg| { println(prefix + msg + suffix) })
    }